ServletContext学习

ServletContext对象

1. 概念：代表整个Web应用，可以和程序的容器（服务器）来通信
2. 获取：
   1. 通过request对象获取：request.getServletContext()
   2. 通过HttpServlet获取：this.getServletContext()
3. 功能：
   1. 获取MIME类型
      • MIME类型：在互联网通信过程中定义的一种文件数据类型
      • 格式：大类型/小类型 text/html image/jpeg
      • 获取：String getMimeType(String file)

• 代码：

@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo2")
public class ServletContextDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.通过HttpServlet获取
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        //2.定义文件名称
        String fileName = "a.jpg";
        //3.获取MIME类型
        String mimeType = context.getMimeType(fileName);
        System.out.println(mimeType);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

• 访问：
  
  2. 域对象：共享数据
     • setAttribute(String name, Object value)
     • getAttribute(String name)
     • removeAttribute(String name)
     • ServletContext对象的范围：所有用户所有请求的数据
• 代码：

@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo3")
public class ServletContextDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.通过HttpServlet获取
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        //2.共享数据
        context.setAttribute("msg","hello");
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo4")
public class ServletContextDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.通过HttpServlet获取
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        //2.获取数据
        Object msg = context.getAttribute("msg");
        System.out.println(msg);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

• 先访问Demo3再访问Demo4：
  
  
  

  4. 获取文件的真实（服务器）路径
     • 方法：String getRealPath(String path)

• 资源位置：
  

• 代码：

@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo5")
public class ServletContextDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.通过HttpServlet获取
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        //2.获取文件的服务器路径
        String bPath = context.getRealPath("/a.txt");//web目录下资源访问
        System.out.println(bPath);
        String cPath = context.getRealPath("/WEB_INF/b.txt");//WEB_INF目录下的资源访问
        System.out.println(cPath);
        String aPath = context.getRealPath("/WEB_INF/classes/c.txt");//src目录下的资源访问
        System.out.println(aPath);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

• 访问输出结果：