Netty:HelloWorld

一、我与Netty

在去年就开始接触netty了，我们项目的服务端通信就是用netty，在这上面做了一层封装后，开发真的很方便。刚开始没有仔细去看框架的源代码，只是在上面写写逻辑而已。经过有些需求后，发现不得不去了解一下底层是如何实现的，下面我把自己的学习和实践，在这里与大家作一个分享。

二、Netty与HelloWorld

先从HelloWorld开始！Netty实现通讯比NIO相对简单，它对轮询线程和四种不同键的操作已经封装好了，相比我前面博客写的NIO例子，要少写很多代码，这也是Netty流行的一个原因吧。

Server:

package com.netty;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;

import com.netty.handler.ServerChannelInitializer;

/**
 *
 * @author Jack Lei
 * @email 895896736@qq.com
 * @date 2016年3月5日 下午3:04:51
 */
public class Server {
	public Server(int port) {
		/* boss线程组：处理客户端连接* */
		EventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup();
		/* work线程组：处理IO读写* */
		EventLoopGroup wrok = new NioEventLoopGroup();

		/* 服务器启动辅助类:* */
		ServerBootstrap boot = new ServerBootstrap();
		/* 配置两个线程组与ServerSokcetChannel，设置channel的参数，channle处理类* */
		boot.group(boss, wrok)
			.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
			.option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true)
			.childHandler(new ServerChannelInitializer());
		try {
			/* 绑定端口后调用同步阻塞方法sync，等待绑定完成，返回回调实例* */
			ChannelFuture future = boot.bind(port).sync();
			future.channel().closeFuture().sync();

		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			// 释放资源
			boss.shutdownGracefully();
			wrok.shutdownGracefully();
		}
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new Server(8888);
	}
}

package com.netty.handler;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;

/**
 *
 * @author Jack Lei
 * @email 895896736@qq.com
 * @date 2016年3月5日 下午3:28:37
 */
public class ServerChannelInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {

	@Override
	protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
		ch.pipeline().addLast(new ServerHandler());
	}

}

package com.netty.handler;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;

/**
 *
 * @author Jack Lei
 * @email 895896736@qq.com
 * @date 2016年3月5日 下午3:05:21
 */
public class ServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
	@Override
	public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
		ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
		int size = buf.readableBytes();
		byte[] body = new byte[size];
		buf.readBytes(body);
		System.out.println("Recive Message From Client : size = " + size + " body =" + new String(body));

		ByteBuf resp = Unpooled.buffer();
		String respStr = "WelCome To Server.";
		resp.writeBytes(respStr.getBytes("UTF-8"));
		ctx.writeAndFlush(resp);
	}

}

Client:

package com.netty;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;

/**
 *
 * @author Jack Lei
 * @email 895896736@qq.com
 * @date 2016年3月5日 下午3:42:02
 */
public class Client {
	public Client(String host, int port) {
		EventLoopGroup work = new NioEventLoopGroup();
		Bootstrap boot = new Bootstrap();
		boot.group(work)
			.channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
			.handler(new ClientChannelInitializer());
		try {
			ChannelFuture futrue = boot.connect("127.0.0.1", port);
			futrue.channel().closeFuture().sync();
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			work.shutdownGracefully();
		}
	}

	class ClientChannelInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {

		@Override
		protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
			ch.pipeline().addLast(new ClientChannelHandler());
		}

	}

	class ClientChannelHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

		@Override
		public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
			ByteBuf buf = Unpooled.buffer();
			String body = "Hello Server.";

			buf.writeBytes(body.getBytes("UTF-8"));
			ctx.writeAndFlush(buf);
		}

		@Override
		public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
			ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
			int size = buf.readableBytes();
			byte[] body = new byte[size];
			buf.readBytes(body);
			System.out.println("Recive message from server : " + new String(body,
																			"UTF-8"));
		}

	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new Client("1127.0.0.1", 8888);
	}
}

三、Netty与你

HelloWorld写完了，实现了服务器和客户端的通信，或许你心中还有很多个为什么，也在纠结某一行代码，这个类是做什么的，为什么代码要这样写呢？（如果基础好，就另当别论了，哈哈）。先know how,再know why，在后面具体的需求中，遇到问题再研究这些细节，从这些问题中学习Netty.