leetcode 741. Cherry Pickup 来回摘樱桃 + 深度优先遍历DFS + 动态规划DP

In a N x N grid representing a field of cherries, each cell is one of three possible integers.

0 means the cell is empty, so you can pass through;
1 means the cell contains a cherry, that you can pick up and pass through;
-1 means the cell contains a thorn that blocks your way.
Your task is to collect maximum number of cherries possible by following the rules below:

Starting at the position (0, 0) and reaching (N-1, N-1) by moving right or down through valid path cells (cells with value 0 or 1);
After reaching (N-1, N-1), returning to (0, 0) by moving left or up through valid path cells;
When passing through a path cell containing a cherry, you pick it up and the cell becomes an empty cell (0);
If there is no valid path between (0, 0) and (N-1, N-1), then no cherries can be collected.
Example 1:
Input: grid =
[[0, 1, -1],
[1, 0, -1],
[1, 1, 1]]
Output: 5
Explanation:
The player started at (0, 0) and went down, down, right right to reach (2, 2).
4 cherries were picked up during this single trip, and the matrix becomes [[0,1,-1],[0,0,-1],[0,0,0]].
Then, the player went left, up, up, left to return home, picking up one more cherry.
The total number of cherries picked up is 5, and this is the maximum possible.
Note:

grid is an N by N 2D array, with 1 <= N <= 50.
Each grid[i][j] is an integer in the set {-1, 0, 1}.
It is guaranteed that grid[0][0] and grid[N-1][N-1] are not -1.

本题题意很明了，最简单的方法就是直接DFS，但是会超时，应该使用DP来做的，但是不会做，所以还是看的网上的做法

递归做法很棒，很值得学习

代码如下：

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <set>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <climits>
#include <algorithm>
#include <sstream>
#include <functional>
#include <bitset>
#include <numeric>
#include <cmath>
#include <regex>

using namespace std;


class Solution 
{
public:
    int cherryPickup(vector<vector<int>>& grid)
    {
        int n = grid.size() , maxLen = 2 * n - 1;
        vector<vector<int>> dp(n, vector<int>(n, -1));
        dp[0][0] = grid[0][0];
        for (int len = 2; len <= maxLen; len++)
        {
            for (int x1 = n - 1; x1 >= 0; x1--)
            {
                for (int x2 = x1; x2 >= 0; x2--)
                {
                    int y1 = len - 1 - x1;
                    int y2 = len - 1 - x2;
                    if (y1 < 0 || y1 >= n || y2 < 0 || y2 >= n)
                        continue;
                    if (grid[y1][x1] < 0 || grid[y2][x2] < 0)
                    {
                        dp[x1][x2] = -1;
                        continue;
                    }

                    int best = -1, delta = grid[y1][x1];
                    if (x1 != x2)
                        delta += grid[y2][x2];
                    if (x1 > 0 && x2 > 0 && dp[x1 - 1][x2 - 1] >= 0) //from left left
                        best = max(best, dp[x1 - 1][x2 - 1] + delta);

                    if (x1 > 0 && y2 > 0 && dp[x1 - 1][x2] >= 0) //from left up
                        best = max(best, dp[x1 - 1][x2] + delta);

                    if (y1 > 0 && x2 > 0 && dp[x1][x2 - 1] >= 0) //from up left
                        best = max(best, dp[x1][x2 - 1] + delta);

                    if (y1 > 0 && y2 > 0 && dp[x1][x2] >= 0) //from up up
                        best = max(best, dp[x1][x2] + delta);
                    dp[x1][x2] = best;
                }
            }
        }
        return dp[n - 1][n - 1] < 0 ? 0 : dp[n - 1][n - 1];
    }

    int maxCount = 0;
    int cherryPickupByDFS(vector<vector<int>>& grid)
    {
        if (grid.size() == 1)
            return grid[0][0];
        dfs(grid, 0, 0, 0, grid.size(), 1);
        return maxCount;
    }

    void dfs(vector<vector<int>>& grid, int x, int y, int count, int n, int process)
    {
        if (x < 0 || x >= n || y < 0 || y >= n || grid[x][y] == -1)
            return;
        else if (x == 0 && y == 0 && process == 2)
            maxCount = max(maxCount, count);
        else
        {
            if (x == n - 1 && y == n - 1 && process == 1)
                process = 2;

            bool hasCherry = false;
            if (grid[x][y] == 1)
            {
                hasCherry = true;
                count++;
                grid[x][y] = 0;
            }

            if (process == 1)
            {
                dfs(grid, x + 1, y, count, n, process);
                dfs(grid, x, y + 1, count, n, process);
            }
            else if (process == 2)
            {
                dfs(grid, x - 1, y, count, n, process);
                dfs(grid, x, y - 1, count, n, process);
            }

            if (hasCherry ==true )
            {
                hasCherry = false;
                count--;
                grid[x][y] = 1;
            }
        }
    }
};