mysql连表查询关联字段类型不一致导致索引不生效

案发sql

SELECT
	a.user_id,
	a.user_name AS NAME,
	a.developer_name,
	c.mobile,
	DATE_FORMAT( b.audit_time, "%Y-%m-%d" ) AS date,
	datediff( now( ), b.audit_time ) AS days 
FROM
	`b2b_user`.`uuc_user_developer_certification` `a`
	LEFT JOIN `b2b_user`.`uuc_user_developer_certification_audit` `b` ON a.uid = b.certification_id
	LEFT JOIN `b2b_user`.`uuc_user_account` `c` ON cast( a.user_id AS CHAR(40)) = c.user_id 
WHERE
	( ( a.developer_name NOT LIKE "test%" ) AND ( b.audit_state = 2 ) ) 
	AND ( b.audit_time < "2020-08-10 00:00:00" )

其中a.user_id为int(10)，而相关联的c.user_id为varchar(40),两个表的CHARSET都是utf8。
EXPLAIN后的执行计划发现c表并没有用到索引