html5 form表单
初步认识
如下写法,包含了大部分常用的表单属性:
<form action="" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" autocomplete="off">
<input type="file">
<label for="">用户名</label>
<input type="text" name="user" placeholder="请输入用户名..." required>
<label for="">编号</label>
<input type="text" name="num" placeholder="请输入编号..." pattern="^\d{5}[a-z]&">
<input type="text" list="tips">
<datalist id="tips">
<option value="Hello">Hello</option>
<option value="World">World</option>
</datalist>
<label for="male">男</label>
<input type="radio" name="sex" id="male" required>
<label for="female">女</label>
<input type="radio" name="sex" id="female" required>
<input type="submit" name="" formnovalidate>
<input type="submit">
</form>
约束验证API
1、willValidate 属性
2、validity 属性
<style>
/* 去除search 类型input 后面的叉 */
input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button{
-webkit-appearance: none;
/* 这里写入自定义样式(mobile端不建议使用) */
}
/* 去除number 类型input 后面的上下箭头 */
input[type="number"]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,
input[type="number"]::-webkit-outer-spin-button{
-webkit-appearance: none;
margin: 0;
}
</style>
<form action="" method="post">
<input type="text" id="username" name="username" placeholder="请输入用户名..." required="required" pattern="^\d{32}$">
<input type="search" id="search" value="">
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
<script type="text/javascript">
var username = document.querySelector("#username");
console.log(username.validity);
</script>
打印结果:
属性对应关系:
badInput: 错误的input
customError: setCustomValidity()
patternMismatch: pattern
rangeOverflow: max
rangeUnderflow: min
stepMismatch: step
tooLong: maxlength
tooShort: minlenght
typeMismatch: 类型错误时返回true,例如type=email、url
valid: 验证结果
valueMissing: required
举例:input[name=“username”] 有required 属性,但是没有设置value,此时打开页面控制台输出的valueMissing 则为true。
3、validationMessage 属性
4、checkValidity() 方法
说明:只有所有约束条件都满足时,才返回true
<form action="" method="post">
<input type="email" id="email" value="222">
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
<script type="text/javascript">
var email = document.querySelector("#email");
if(email.checkValidity()){
// TODO
}
</script>
5、setCustomValidity() 方法
说明:设置自定义验证信息,用于覆盖预定义的信息。例如required 属性的input 验证失败时,默认提示文案修改等。
<form action="" method="post">
<input type="text" required pattern="^\d{4}$" oninput="checkit(this)" placeholder="Please input...">
<input type="password" name="password" pattern="^\d{8}$" oninvalid="this.setCustomValidity('请输入正确的密码')">
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
<script type="text/javascript">
function checkit(obj){
var it = obj.validity;
// 验证required 属性
if(true === it.valueMissing){
obj.setCustomValidity("不能为空!");
}else{
// 验证pattern 属性
if(true === it.patternMismatch){
obj.setCustomValidity("必须是4 位数字!")
}else{
obj.setCustomValidity("");
}
}
}
</script>
说明:setCustomValidity 内容后,再提交表单时,才会弹出对应提示内容。
自带验证美化
表单的一些伪类,方便css 选择器使用:
1、:required 和 :optional
2、:in-range 和 :out-of-range
3、:valid 和 :invalid
4、:read-only 和 :read-write
/* :read-write 不仅可以匹配表单元素,也可以匹配可编辑的div */
<div contentedited=""></div>
使用举例:
<style>
/* required 属性的input 样式修改 */
input:required, textarea:required { border-right: 2px solid #aa0088; }
/* optional input 样式修改 */
input:optional, textarea:optional { border-right: 2px solid #999; }
/* 根据是否必填,增加伪元素,进行文字提示 */
input:optional +label::after { content: "(必填)"; }
input:optional +label::after { content: "(选填)"; }
/* 鼠标选入的效果 */
input:focus, select:focus, textarea:focus { outline: 0; }
input:required:focus, textarea:required:focus {
box-shadow: 0 0 3px 1px #aa0088;
}
input:optional:focus, textarea:optional:focus {
box-shadow: 0 0 3px 1px #999;
}
/* 提交按钮 */
input[type="submit"] {
background-color: #cc00aa;
border: 2px solid #aa0088;
padding: 10px 0;
color: #fff;
}
input[type="submit"]:hover { background-color: #aa0088; }
/* 验证样式 */
input:valid ~label::after{ content: "输入正确!" }
input:invalid ~label::after{ content: "输入错误!" }
input:valid{ border: 1px solid green; }
input:invalid{ border: 1px solid #aa0088; }
/* 带图片效果的验证 */
input:required,select:required {
background: url(img/x.jpg) no-repeat 90% center;
}
input:required:valid,select:required:valid {
background: url(img/ok.jpg) no-repeat 90% center;
box-shadow: 0 0 5px green;
border-color: green;
}
input:required:valid,select:required:valid {
background: url(img/error.jpg) no-repeat 90% center;
border-color: red;
outline: red solid 1px;
}
</style>
自定义表单的气泡:
<script type="text/javascript">
/**
* 自定义表单冒泡
* @param form
*/
function replaceInvalidityUi(form){
// 阻止默认行为
form.addEventListener("invalid", function(event){
event.preventDefault();
}, true);
form.addEventListener("submit", function(event){
if(!this.checkValidity()){
event.preventDefault();
};
}, true);
var submitBtn = document.getElementById("submit");
submitBtn.addEventListener("click", function(event){
var inValidityField = form.querySelector(":invalid"),
errorMessage = form.querySelector(".error-message"),
parent;
// 删除之前的错误信息
for(var i=0; i<errorMessage.length; i++){
errorMessage[i].parentNode.removeChild(errorMessage[i]);
}
// 添加新的错误信息
for(var i=0; i<inValidityField.lenght; i++){
parent = inValidityField[i].parentNode;
parent.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend", "<div class='error-message'>" + inValidityField[i].validationMessage + "</div>");
}
// 自动聚焦收个错误
if(inValidityField.lenght>0){
inValidityField[0].focus();
}
});
}
var form = document.getElementById("form");
replaceInvalidityUi(form);
</script>
参考文章:
css选择器:https://www.haorooms.com/post/css_selectelement
至此,结束。