内核中的call_usermodehelper函数可以实现在内核空间调用用户空间的应用程序。
在linux内核中，实现关机的接口：__orderly_poweroff，该接口的主要作用是：在内核空间，调用用户空间的应用程序“/sbin/poweroff”，达到关机的目的。通过调该接口，可以实现在内核中实现“长按关机”操作。
char poweroff_cmd[POWEROFF_CMD_PATH_LEN] = "/sbin/poweroff";
static int __orderly_poweroff(bool force)
{
char **argv;
static char *envp[] = {
"HOME=/",
"PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin",
NULL
};
int ret;
argv = argv_split(GFP_KERNEL, poweroff_cmd, NULL); //参数分解得到argv[0]为"/sbin/poweroff"
if (argv) {
ret = call_usermodehelper(argv[0], argv, envp, UMH_WAIT_EXEC); //调用关键接口
argv_free(argv);
} else {
printk(KERN_WARNING "%s failed to allocate memory for \"%s\"\n",
__func__, poweroff_cmd);
ret = -ENOMEM;
}
if (ret && force) {
//如果call_usermodehelper执行失败，则强制关机
emergency_sync();
kernel_power_off();
}
return ret;
}
/**
* call_usermodehelper() - 准备启动一个用户应用程序
* @path: 待执行的用户程序的路径
* @argv: arg vector for process
* @envp: environment for process
* @wait: wait for the application to finish and return status.
* when UMH_NO_WAIT don't wait at all, but you get no useful error back
* when the program couldn't be exec'ed. This makes it safe to call
* from interrupt context.
*/
int call_usermodehelper(char *path, char **argv, char **envp, int wait)
{
struct subprocess_info *info;
gfp_t gfp_mask = (wait == UMH_NO_WAIT) ? GFP_ATOMIC : GFP_KERNEL;
info = call_usermodehelper_setup(path, argv, envp, gfp_mask,
NULL, NULL, NULL);
if (info == NULL)
return -ENOMEM;
return call_usermodehelper_exec(info, wait);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(call_usermodehelper); call_usermodehelper_setup函数会创建一个工作__call_usermodehelper，并将参数保存到结构体sub_info。
/**
* call_usermodehelper_setup - prepare to call a usermode helper
* @path: path to usermode executable
* @argv: arg vector for process
* @envp: environment for process
* @gfp_mask: gfp mask for memory allocation
* @cleanup: a cleanup function
* @init: an init function
* @data: arbitrary context sensitive data
*
* Returns either %NULL on allocation failure, or a subprocess_info
* structure. This should be passed to call_usermodehelper_exec to
* exec the process and free the structure.
*
* The init function is used to customize the helper process prior to
* exec. A non-zero return code causes the process to error out, exit,
* and return the failure to the calling process
*
* The cleanup function is just before ethe subprocess_info is about to
* be freed. This can be used for freeing the argv and envp. The
* Function must be runnable in either a process context or the
* context in which call_usermodehelper_exec is called.
*/
struct subprocess_info *call_usermodehelper_setup(char *path, char **argv,
char **envp, gfp_t gfp_mask,
int (*init)(struct subprocess_info *info, struct cred *new),
void (*cleanup)(struct subprocess_info *info),
void *data)
{
struct subprocess_info *sub_info;
sub_info = kzalloc(sizeof(struct subprocess_info), gfp_mask);
if (!sub_info)
goto out;
INIT_WORK(&sub_info->work, __call_usermodehelper); //创建工作（核心）
sub_info->path = path;
sub_info->argv = argv;
sub_info->envp = envp;
sub_info->cleanup = cleanup;
sub_info->init = init;
sub_info->data = data;
out:
return sub_info;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(call_usermodehelper_setup); __call_usermodehelper完成了调用call_helper完成调用“用户空间程序”的核心工作。
/* This is run by khelper thread */
static void __call_usermodehelper(struct work_struct *work)
{
struct subprocess_info *sub_info =
container_of(work, struct subprocess_info, work);
int wait = sub_info->wait & ~UMH_KILLABLE;
pid_t pid;
/* CLONE_VFORK: wait until the usermode helper has execve'd
* successfully We need the data structures to stay around
* until that is done. */
if (wait == UMH_WAIT_PROC)
pid = kernel_thread(wait_for_helper, sub_info,
CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES | SIGCHLD);
else {
pid = kernel_thread(call_helper, sub_info, //关键（核心）
CLONE_VFORK | SIGCHLD);
/* Worker thread stopped blocking khelper thread. */
kmod_thread_locker = NULL;
}
switch (wait) {
case UMH_NO_WAIT:
call_usermodehelper_freeinfo(sub_info);
break;
case UMH_WAIT_PROC:
if (pid > 0)
break;
/* FALLTHROUGH */
case UMH_WAIT_EXEC:
if (pid < 0)
sub_info->retval = pid;
umh_complete(sub_info);
}
} call_helper调用____call_usermodehelper
static int call_helper(void *data)
{
/* Worker thread started blocking khelper thread. */
kmod_thread_locker = current;
return ____call_usermodehelper(data); //调用的接口
} ____call_usermodehelper函数中通过do_execve运行用户程序 。用户空间可以通过调用execv来运行第一个参数指定的可执行程序。execv对应的系统调用接口是sys_execve。sys_execve同样也会调用do_execve。注意：sys_execve接口需要通过SYSCALL_DEFINE3(execve,...)来展开。
/*
* This is the task which runs the usermode application
*/
static int ____call_usermodehelper(void *data)
{
struct subprocess_info *sub_info = data;
struct cred *new;
int retval;
spin_lock_irq(¤t->sighand->siglock);
flush_signal_handlers(current, 1);
spin_unlock_irq(¤t->sighand->siglock);
/* We can run anywhere, unlike our parent keventd(). */
set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, cpu_all_mask);
/*
* Our parent is keventd, which runs with elevated scheduling priority.
* Avoid propagating that into the userspace child.
*/
set_user_nice(current, 0);
retval = -ENOMEM;
new = prepare_kernel_cred(current);
if (!new)
goto fail;
spin_lock(&umh_sysctl_lock);
new->cap_bset = cap_intersect(usermodehelper_bset, new->cap_bset);
new->cap_inheritable = cap_intersect(usermodehelper_inheritable,
new->cap_inheritable);
spin_unlock(&umh_sysctl_lock);
if (sub_info->init) {
retval = sub_info->init(sub_info, new);
if (retval) {
abort_creds(new);
goto fail;
}
}
commit_creds(new);
retval = do_execve(sub_info->path, //关键！
(const char __user *const __user *)sub_info->argv,
(const char __user *const __user *)sub_info->envp);
if (!retval)
return 0;
/* Exec failed? */
fail:
sub_info->retval = retval;
do_exit(0);
}
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