Docker 基础用法和命令帮助

一、docker command

$ sudo docker # docker 命令帮助

Commands:
attach Attach to a running container # 当前 shell 下 attach 连接指定运行镜像
build Build an image from a Dockerfile # 通过 Dockerfile 定制镜像
commit Create a new image from a container’s changes # 提交当前容器为新的镜像
cp Copy files/folders from the containers filesystem to the host path
# 从容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机中
create Create a new container # 创建一个新的容器，同 run，但不启动容器
diff Inspect changes on a container’s filesystem # 查看 docker 容器变化
events Get real time events from the server # 从 docker 服务获取容器实时事件
exec Run a command in an existing container # 在已存在的容器上运行命令
export Stream the contents of a container as a tar archive
# 导出容器的内容流作为一个 tar 归档文件[对应 import ]
history Show the history of an image # 展示一个镜像形成历史
images List images # 列出系统当前镜像
import Create a new filesystem image from the contents of a tarball
# 从tar包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统映像[对应 export]
info Display system-wide information # 显示系统相关信息
inspect Return low-level information on a container # 查看容器详细信息
kill Kill a running container # kill 指定 docker 容器
load Load an image from a tar archive # 从一个 tar 包中加载一个镜像[对应 save]
login Register or Login to the docker registry server
# 注册或者登陆一个 docker 源服务器
logout Log out from a Docker registry server # 从当前 Docker registry 退出
logs Fetch the logs of a container # 输出当前容器日志信息
port Lookup the public-facing port which is NAT-ed to PRIVATE_PORT
# 查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口
pause Pause all processes within a container # 暂停容器
ps List containers # 列出容器列表
pull Pull an image or a repository from the docker registry server
# 从docker镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或者库镜像
push Push an image or a repository to the docker registry server
# 推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker源服务器
restart Restart a running container # 重启运行的容器
rm Remove one or more containers # 移除一个或者多个容器
rmi Remove one or more images
# 移除一个或多个镜像[无容器使用该镜像才可删除，否则需删除相关容器才可继续或 -f 强制删除]
run Run a command in a new container
# 创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令
save Save an image to a tar archive # 保存一个镜像为一个 tar 包[对应 load]
search Search for an image on the Docker Hub # 在 docker hub 中搜索镜像
start Start a stopped containers # 启动容器
stop Stop a running containers # 停止容器
tag Tag an image into a repository # 给源中镜像打标签
top Lookup the running processes of a container # 查看容器中运行的进程信息
unpause Unpause a paused container # 取消暂停容器
version Show the docker version information # 查看 docker 版本号
wait Block until a container stops, then print its exit code
# 截取容器停止时的退出状态值
Run ‘docker COMMAND --help’ for more information on a command.

二、docker option

Usage of docker:

--api-enable-cors=false Enable CORS headers in the remote API # 远程 API 中开启 CORS 头
-b, --bridge="" Attach containers to a pre-existing network bridge # 桥接网络
use ‘none’ to disable container networking
--bip="" Use this CIDR notation address for the network bridge’s IP, not compatible with -b
# 和 -b 选项不兼容，具体没有测试过
-d, --daemon=false Enable daemon mode # daemon 模式
-D, --debug=false Enable debug mode # debug 模式
--dns=[] Force docker to use specific DNS servers # 强制 docker 使用指定 dns 服务器
--dns-search=[] Force Docker to use specific DNS search domains # 强制 docker 使用指定 dns 搜索域
-e, --exec-driver="native" Force the docker runtime to use a specific exec driver # 强制 docker 运行时使用指定执行驱动器
--fixed-cidr="" IPv4 subnet for fixed IPs (ex: 10.20.0.0/16)
this subnet must be nested in the bridge subnet (which is defined by -b or –bip)
-G, --group="docker" Group to assign the unix socket specified by -H when running in daemon mode
use ” (the empty string) to disable setting of a group
-g, --graph="/var/lib/docker" Path to use as the root of the docker runtime # 容器运行的根目录路径
-H, --host=[] The socket(s) to bind to in daemon mode # daemon 模式下 docker 指定绑定方式[tcp or 本地 socket]
specified using one or more tcp://host:port, unix:///path/to/socket, fd://* or fd://socketfd.
--icc=true Enable inter-container communication # 跨容器通信
--insecure-registry=[] Enable insecure communication with specified registries (no certificate verification for HTTPS and enable HTTP fallback) (e.g., localhost:5000 or 10.20.0.0/16)
--ip="0.0.0.0" Default IP address to use when binding container ports # 指定监听地址，默认所有 ip
--ip-forward=true Enable net.ipv4.ip_forward # 开启转发
--ip-masq=true Enable IP masquerading for bridge’s IP range
--iptables=true Enable Docker’s addition of iptables rules # 添加对应 iptables 规则
--mtu=0 Set the containers network MTU # 设置网络 mtu
if no value is provided: default to the default route MTU or 1500 if no default route is available
-p, --pidfile="/var/run/docker.pid" Path to use for daemon PID file # 指定 pid 文件位置
--registry-mirror=[] Specify a preferred Docker registry mirror
-s, --storage-driver="" Force the docker runtime to use a specific storage driver # 强制 docker 运行时使用指定存储驱动
--selinux-enabled=false Enable selinux support # 开启 selinux 支持
--storage-opt=[] Set storage driver options # 设置存储驱动选项
--tls=false Use TLS; implied by tls-verify flags # 开启 tls
--tlscacert="/root/.docker/ca.pem" Trust only remotes providing a certificate signed by the CA given here
--tlscert="/root/.docker/cert.pem" Path to TLS certificate file # tls 证书文件位置
--tlskey="/root/.docker/key.pem" Path to TLS key file # tls key 文件位置
--tlsverify=false Use TLS and verify the remote (daemon: verify client, client: verify daemon) # 使用 tls 并确认远程控制主机
-v, --version=false Print version information and quit # 输出 docker 版本信息

三、docker search

$ sudo docker search –help

Usage: docker search TERM

Search the Docker Hub for images # 从 Docker Hub 搜索镜像

--automated=false Only show automated builds

--no-trunc=false Don’t truncate output

-s, --stars=0 Only displays with at least xxx stars

示例：

$ sudo docker search -s 100 ubuntu # 查找 star 数至少为 100 的镜像，找出只有官方镜像 start 数超过 100，默认不加 s 选项找出所有相关 ubuntu 镜像
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
ubuntu Official Ubuntu base image 425 [OK]

四、docker pull && docker push

$ sudo docker pull –help # pull 拉取镜像
Usage: docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG] Pull an image or a repository from the registry

-a, --all-tags=false Download all tagged images in the repository
$ sudo docker push # push 推送指定镜像
Usage: docker push NAME[:TAG] Push an image or a repository to the registry

示例：

$ sudo docker pull ubuntu # 下载官方 ubuntu docker 镜像，默认下载所有 ubuntu 官方库镜像
$ sudo docker pull ubuntu:14.04 # 下载指定版本 ubuntu 官方镜像

$ sudo docker push 192.168.0.100:5000/ubuntu # 推送镜像库到私有源[可注册 docker 官方账户，推送到官方自有账户
$ sudo docker push 192.168.0.100:5000/ubuntu:14.04 # 推送指定镜像到私有源

相关快捷键

退出：Ctrl-Dorexit
detach：Ctrl-P + Ctrl-Q
attach:docker attach CONTAINER-ID