替换空格

'''
先遍历整个字符串，计算字符串中空格的总数，从而可以计算出替换后的字符串长度
（根据替换规则，每次替换空格时，都会使字符串的长度增加2）。然后，使用两个指针或索引，从后往前遍历，
即初始化指针或索引分别指向替换前和替换后字符串的末尾，循环递减，如遇到空格，则替换为 "%20"，
从而减少字符串移动的次数，降低时间复杂度。
'''

def replace_blanks(string):
    if string == None : 
        return
    # Count the number of blanks
    blanks_count = string.count(' ')
    string_length = len(string)
    # Compute the replaced string length
    replaced_length = string_length + 2 * blanks_count
  
    # Extend the char list length 'string_length' with '' characters
    string += ["" for i in range(replaced_length - string_length)]
    print(string)
    # Replace each blank with "%20"
    original_index = string_length - 1
    new_index = replaced_length - 1
    while new_index != original_index:
        if string[original_index] == ' ':
            new_index -= 2
            string[new_index:new_index+3] = '%20'
        else:
            string[new_index] = string[original_index]
        # Update indexes
        new_index -= 1
        original_index -= 1


def unitest():
    test_string = "We are happy."
    string_lst = list(test_string)  # 易错点，不能用'str'对象替代，因为 'str' object does not support item assignment 。
    # print "Before replacing blanks, the string is %s" % ''.join(string_lst)
    print("Before the string is % s"% ''.join(string_lst))
    replace_blanks(string_lst, 100)
    # print "After replacing blanks, the string is %s" % ''.join(string_lst)
    print("After the string is % s"% ''.join(string_lst))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unitest()