C++学习笔记24：编程练习三

1.编写一个程序，如下述输出示例所示的那样请求并显示信息：
What is your first name? Betty Sue
What is your last name? Yewe
What letter grade do you deserve? B
What is your age? 22
Name: Yewe, Betty Sue
Grade: C
Age: 22

//myPractice401.cpp -- 姓名不是一个单词，用getline()读取，根据用户输入的grade自动向上调一个字母
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	char first_name[20], last_name[20];
	char grade;
	int age;

	cout << "What is your first name? ";
	cin.getline(first_name, 20);
	cout << "What is your last name? ";
	cin.getline(last_name, 20);
	cout << "What letter grade do you deserve? ";
	cin >> grade;
	cout << "What is your age? ";
	cin >> age;

	cout << "Name: " << last_name << ", " << first_name << endl;
	cout << "Grade: " << char(grade + 1) << endl;
	cout << "Age: " << age << endl;

	return 0;
}

2.修改《C++学习笔记14：字符串》 中的第三个示例程序，使用C++ string 类而不是 char 数组。

//myPractice402.cpp -- string的输入和输出
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	string name, dessert;
	cout << "Enter your name: ";
	getline(cin, name);
	cout << "Enter your favorite dessert: ";
	getline(cin, dessert);
	cout << "I have some delicious " << dessert
		<< " for you, " << name << ".\n";
	return 0;
}

3.编写一个程序，它要求用户首先输入其名，然后输入其姓；然后程序使用一个逗号和空格将姓和名组合起来，并存储和显示组合结果。请使用 char 数组和头文件 cstring 中的函数。下面是该程序运行时的情形：
Enter your first name：Flip
Enter your last name：Fleming
Here's the information in a single string：Fleming，Flip

//myPractice403.cpp  -- 使用char数组和头文件cstring中的函数处理字符串
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	const char Connector[] = ", ";
	const int Size = 20;
	char first_name[Size], last_name[Size], full_name[Size * 2];

	cout << "Enter your first name: ";
	cin.getline(first_name, Size);
	cout << "Enter you last name: ";
	cin.getline(last_name, Size);
	strcpy(full_name, first_name);
	strcat(full_name, Connector);
	strcat(full_name, last_name);
	cout << "Here is the information in a single string: "
		<< full_name << endl;

	return 0;
}

4.编写一个程序，它要求用户首先输入其名，然后输入其姓；然后程序使用一个逗号和空格将姓和名组合起来，并存储和显示组合结果。请使用 string 对象和头文件 string 中的函数。下面是该程序运行时的情形：
Enter your first name：Flip
Enter your last name：Fleming
Here's the information in a single string：Fleming，Flip

//myPractice404.cpp  -- 使用string对象和头文件string中的函数处理字符串
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	const string Connector = ", ";
	string first_name, last_name, full_name;

	cout << "Enter your first name: ";
	getline(cin, first_name);
	cout << "Enter you last name: ";
	getline(cin, last_name);
	full_name = last_name + Connector + first_name;
	cout << "Here is the information in a single string: "
		<< full_name << endl;

	return 0;
}

5.结构 CandyBar 包含3个成员。第一个成员存储了糖块的品牌；第二个成员存储糖块的重量（可以有小数）；第三个成员存储了糖块的卡路里含量（整数）。请编写一个程序，声明这个结构，创建一个名为 snack 的 CandyBar 变量，并将其成员分别初始化为“Mocha Munch”、2.3和350。初始化应在声明 snack 时进行。最后，程序显示 snack 变量的内容。

//myPractice405.cpp -- 创建结构并声明结构变量
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

struct CandyBar
{
	char brand[20];
	float weight;
	unsigned int caloria;
};

int main()
{
	CandyBar snack = { "Mocha Munch",2.3,350 };
	cout << "Brand: " << snack.brand << endl;
	cout << "Weight: " << snack.weight << endl;
	cout << "Caloria: " << snack.caloria << endl;
	return 0;
}

6.结构 CandyBar 包含3个成员，如编程练习5所示。请编写一个程序，创建一个包含3个元素的 CandyBar 数组，并将它们初始化为所选择的值。然后显示每个结构的内容。

// myPractice406.cpp -- 创建结构数组，并访问结构元素中的成员

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

struct CandyBar
{
	char brand[20];
	float weight;
	unsigned int calorie;
};


int main()
{
	CandyBar arr[3] = {
		{ "Mocha Munch",2.3,350 },
		{ "Apple Lemon",2.7,560 },
		{ "Orange Juice",1.2,2300 } };
	cout << "Brand: " << arr[0].brand << ", its weight is: " << arr[0].weight << ", and calorie is: " << arr[0].calorie << endl;
	cout << "Brand: " << arr[1].brand << ", its weight is: " << arr[1].weight << ", and calorie is: " << arr[1].calorie << endl;
	cout << "Brand: " << arr[2].brand << ", its weight is: " << arr[2].weight << ", and calorie is: " << arr[2].calorie << endl;
	return 0;
}

7. William Wingate 从事比萨饼分析服务，对于每个比萨饼，他都需要记录下列信息：

• 比萨饼公司的名称。可以有多个单词组成。
• 比萨饼的直径。
• 比萨饼的重量。

请设计一个能够存储这些信息的结构，并编写一个使用这种结构变量的程序。程序将请求用户输入上述信息，然后显示这些信息。请使用 cin（或它的方法）和 cout。 

//myPractice407.cpp -- 创建结构,静态存储结构相关数据
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

struct Pizza_Info
{
	string company;
	float diameter;
	float weight;
};

int main()
{
	Pizza_Info Papa_John;
	cout << "Enter the name of the pizza company: ";
	getline(cin, Papa_John.company);
	cout << "Enter the diameter of the pizza: ";
	cin >> Papa_John.diameter;
	cout << "Enter the weight of the pizza: ";
	cin >> Papa_John.weight;
	cout << "Here are the informations of the pizza:\n";
	cout << "Company: " << Papa_John.company << endl;
	cout << "Diameter: " << Papa_John.diameter << endl;
	cout << "Weight: " << Papa_John.weight << endl;
	return 0;
}

8.完成编程练习7，但使用 new 来为结构分配内存，而不是声明一个结构变量。另外，让程序在请求输入比萨饼公司之前输入比萨饼的直径。

//myPractice408.cpp -- 创建结构,动态分配内存存储结构相关数据
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

struct Pizza_Info
{
	//char company[40];
	string company;
	float diameter;
	float weight;
};

int main()
{
	Pizza_Info * ptr = new Pizza_Info;
	cout << "Enter the diameter of the pizza: ";
	cin >> ptr->diameter;
	cout << "Enter the name of the pizza company: ";
	cin.get();
	getline(cin, ptr->company);
	cout << "Enter the weight of the pizza: ";
	cin >> ptr->weight;
	cout << "Here are the informations of the pizza:\n";
	cout << "Company: " << ptr->company << endl;
	cout << "Diameter: " << ptr->diameter << endl;
	cout << "Weight: " << ptr->weight << endl;
	delete ptr;
	return 0;
}

9.完成编程练习6，但使用 new 来动态分配数组，而不是声明一个包含3个元素的 CandyBar 数组。

//myPractice409.cpp -- 创建结构数组，并利用new来动态分配数组
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

struct CandyBar
{
	string brand;
	float weight;
	unsigned int calorie;
};

int main()
{
	CandyBar * ptr = new CandyBar[3];
	
	ptr[0].brand = "Mocha Munch";
	ptr[0].weight = 2.3;
	ptr[0].calorie = 350;

	(ptr + 1)->brand = "Apple Pie";
	(ptr + 1)->weight = 1.5;
	ptr[1].calorie = 560;

	(ptr + 2)->brand = "Orange Juice";
	ptr[2].weight = 3.3;
	ptr[2].calorie = 1021;

	cout << "Here are three sets of information:\n";
	cout << "Brand: " << ptr[0].brand << ", Weight: " << ptr[0].weight << ", Calorie: " << ptr[0].calorie << endl;
	cout << "Brand: " << ptr[1].brand << ", Weight: " << ptr[1].weight << ", Calorie: " << ptr[1].calorie << endl;
	cout << "Brand: " << ptr[2].brand << ", Weight: " << ptr[2].weight << ", Calorie: " << ptr[2].calorie << endl;

	delete[] ptr;
	return 0;
}

10.编写一个程序，让用户输入三次40码跑的成绩（如果您愿意，也可让用户输入40米跑的成绩），并显示次数和平均成绩。请使用一个 array 对象来存储数据（如果编译器不支持 array 类，请使用数组）。

//myPractice410.cpp -- array对象的使用
#include <iostream>
#include <array>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	const int times = 3;
	array<float, times> result;

	cout << "请输入第一次40米跑的成绩（秒）：";
	cin >> result[0];
	cout << "请输入第二次40米跑的成绩（秒）：";
	cin >> result[1];
	cout << "请输入第三次40米跑的成绩（秒）：";
	cin >> result[2];

	float average = (result[0] + result[1] + result[2]) / times;
	cout << "您三次40米跑的平均成绩是：" << average << "秒。\n";

	return 0;
}