设计模式学习——工厂模式

简单工厂模式

基本介绍

1. 简单工厂模式属于创建型模式，是工厂模式的一种，简单工厂模式是由一个工厂对象决定创建出哪一种产品类的实例。简单工厂模式是工厂模式家族中最简单实用的模式。
2. 简单工厂模式：定义了一个创建对象的类，由这个类来封装实例化对象的行为（代码）
3. 在软件开发中，当我们会用到大量的创建某种、某类或者某批对象时，就会使用到工厂模式。

简单工厂模式类图实例

简单工厂模式java实现代码

//Pizza抽象类
public abstract class Pizza {

    protected String name;

    public abstract void prepare();

    public void bake(){
        System.out.println(name+"baking");
    }

    public void cut(){
        System.out.println(name+"cutting");
    }

    public void box(){
        System.out.println(name+"boxing");
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

//PepperPizza类继承了Pizza抽象类（泛化关系）
public class PepperPizza extends Pizza {
    @Override
    public void prepare() {
        System.out.println("给胡椒披萨 准备原材料");
    }
}

//GreekPizza类继承了Pizza抽象类（泛化关系）
public class GreekPizza extends Pizza {
    @Override
    public void prepare() {
        System.out.println("给希腊披萨 准备原材料");
    }
}

//CheesePizza 类继承了Pizza抽象类（泛化关系）
public class CheesePizza extends Pizza {
    @Override
    public void prepare() {
        System.out.println("给制作奶酪披萨 准备原材料");
    }
}

创建SimpleFactory类，分为普通工厂模式和静态工厂模式

public class SimpleFactory {

    public Pizza createPizza(String orderType) {

        Pizza pizza=null;

        System.out.println("使用简单工厂模式");
        if (orderType.equals("greek")){
            pizza=new GreekPizza();
            pizza.setName("希腊披萨");
        }else if (orderType.equals("cheese")){
            pizza=new CheesePizza();
            pizza.setName("奶酪披萨");
        }else if (orderType.equals("pepper")){
            pizza=new PepperPizza();
            pizza.setName("胡椒披萨");
        }
        return pizza;

    }

    public static Pizza createPizza2(String orderType) {

        Pizza pizza=null;

        System.out.println("使用简单工厂模式");
        if (orderType.equals("greek")){
            pizza=new GreekPizza();
            pizza.setName("希腊披萨");
        }else if (orderType.equals("cheese")){
            pizza=new CheesePizza();
            pizza.setName("奶酪披萨");
        }else if (orderType.equals("pepper")){
            pizza=new PepperPizza();
            pizza.setName("胡椒披萨");
        }
        return pizza;

    }

}

订购披萨：OrderPizza类——>普通工厂模式所对应的实现

public class OrderPizza {

    SimpleFactory simpleFactory;
    Pizza pizza = null;

    public OrderPizza(SimpleFactory simpleFactory) {
        setFactory(simpleFactory);
    }

    public void setFactory(SimpleFactory simpleFactory) {
        String orderType = "";
        this.simpleFactory = simpleFactory;
        do {
            orderType = getType();
            pizza = this.simpleFactory.createPizza(orderType);
            if (pizza!=null){
                pizza.prepare();
                pizza.bake();
                pizza.cut();
                pizza.box();
            }else {
                System.out.println("订购披萨失败");
                break;
            }
        } while (true);

    }

    private String getType() {
        try {
            BufferedReader strin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
            System.out.println("input pizza 种类");
            String str = strin.readLine();
            return str;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return "";
        }
    }
}

订购披萨：OrderPizza2类——>静态工厂模式所对应的实现

public class OrderPizza2 {


    Pizza pizza = null;
    String orderType="";

    public OrderPizza2() {
        do {
            orderType = getType();
            pizza = SimpleFactory.createPizza2(orderType);
            if (pizza!=null){
                pizza.prepare();
                pizza.bake();
                pizza.cut();
                pizza.box();
            }else {
                System.out.println("订购披萨失败");
                break;
            }
        } while (true);
    }
    
    private String getType() {
        try {
            BufferedReader strin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
            System.out.println("input pizza 种类");
            String str = strin.readLine();
            return str;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return "";
        }
    }
}

披萨店：PizzaStore

public class PizzaStore {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //使用简单工厂
        new OrderPizza2();
    }
}

工厂方法模式

基本介绍

1. 工厂方法模式设计方案：将披萨项目的实例化功能抽象成抽象方法，在不同的口味点餐子类中具体实现。
2. 工厂方法模式：定义了一个创建对象的抽象方法，由子类决定要实例化的类。工厂方法模式将
   对象的实例化推迟到子类。
   
   

工厂方法模式类图实例

工厂方法模式java实现代码

Pizza的抽象类：

public abstract class Pizza {

    protected String name;

    public abstract void prepare();

    public void bake(){
        System.out.println(name+"baking");
    }

    public void cut(){
        System.out.println(name+"cutting");
    }

    public void box(){
        System.out.println(name+"boxing");
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

LDPepperPizza类继承Pizza抽象类:

public class LDPepperPizza extends Pizza {
    @Override
    public void prepare() {
        setName("伦敦的胡椒Pizza");
        System.out.println("伦敦的胡椒Pizza 准备原材料");
    }
}

LDCheesePizza类继承Pizza抽象类:

public class LDCheesePizza extends Pizza{
    @Override
    public void prepare() {
        setName("伦敦的奶酪Pizza");
        System.out.println("伦敦的奶酪Pizza 准备原材料");
    }
}

BJPepperPizza类继承Pizza抽象类:

public class BJPepperPizza extends Pizza {
    @Override
    public void prepare() {
        setName("北京的胡椒Pizza");
        System.out.println("北京的胡椒Pizza 准备原材料");
    }
}

BJCheesePizza类继承Pizza抽象类:

public class BJCheesePizza extends Pizza {
    @Override
    public void prepare() {
        setName("北京的奶酪Pizza");
        System.out.println("北京的奶酪Pizza 准备原材料");
    }
}

OrderPizza抽象类作为工厂方法模型的“工厂类”

public abstract class OrderPizza {

    abstract Pizza createPizza(String orderType);

    public OrderPizza() {
        Pizza pizza = null;
        String orderType;
        do {
            orderType = getType();
            pizza = createPizza(orderType);
            pizza.prepare();
            pizza.cut();
            pizza.bake();
            pizza.box();
        } while (true);

    }

    private String getType() {
        try {
            BufferedReader strin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
            System.out.println("input pizza 种类");
            String str = strin.readLine();
            return str;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return "";
        }
    }

}

LDOrderPizza类继承OrderPizza抽象类:

public class LDOrderPizza extends  OrderPizza {
    @Override
    Pizza createPizza(String orderType) {
        Pizza pizza=null;
        if (orderType.equals("cheese")){
            pizza = new LDCheesePizza();
        }else if (orderType.equals("pepper")){
            pizza = new LDPepperPizza();
        }
        return pizza;
    }
}

BJOrderPizza类继承OrderPizza抽象类:

public class BJOrderPizza extends OrderPizza {
    @Override
    Pizza createPizza(String orderType) {
        Pizza pizza = null;
        if (orderType.equals("cheese")) {
            pizza = new BJCheesePizza();
        } else if (orderType.equals("pepper")) {
            pizza = new BJPepperPizza();
        }
        return pizza;
    }
}

PizzaStore类：程序入口

public class PizzaStore {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建北京口味的各种披萨
        new BJOrderPizza();
    }
}

抽象工厂模型

基本介绍

1. 抽象工厂模型：定义了一个interface用于创建相关或有依赖关系的对象簇，而无需指明具体的类。
2. 抽象工厂模式可以将简单工厂模式和工厂方法模式进行整合。
3. 从设计层面来看，抽象工厂模式就是对简单工厂模式的改进（或者称为进一步的抽象）。
4. 将工厂抽象成两层，AbstractFactory（抽象工厂）和具体实现的工厂子类。程序员可以根据创建对象类型使用对应的工厂子类。这样将单个的简单工厂类变成了工厂簇，更利于代码的维护和扩展。
5. 类图
   
   

抽象工厂模式类图实例

抽象工厂模式java实现代码

Pizza的抽象类：

public abstract class Pizza {

    protected String name;

    public abstract void prepare();

    public void bake(){
        System.out.println(name+"baking");
    }

    public void cut(){
        System.out.println(name+"cutting");
    }

    public void box(){
        System.out.println(name+"boxing");
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

LDPepperPizza类继承Pizza抽象类:

public class LDPepperPizza extends Pizza {
    @Override
    public void prepare() {
        setName("伦敦的胡椒Pizza");
        System.out.println("伦敦的胡椒Pizza 准备原材料");
    }
}

LDCheesePizza类继承Pizza抽象类:

public class LDCheesePizza extends Pizza{
    @Override
    public void prepare() {
        setName("伦敦的奶酪Pizza");
        System.out.println("伦敦的奶酪Pizza 准备原材料");
    }
}

BJPepperPizza类继承Pizza抽象类:

public class BJPepperPizza extends Pizza {
    @Override
    public void prepare() {
        setName("北京的胡椒Pizza");
        System.out.println("北京的胡椒Pizza 准备原材料");
    }
}

BJCheesePizza类继承Pizza抽象类:

public class BJCheesePizza extends Pizza {
    @Override
    public void prepare() {
        setName("北京的奶酪Pizza");
        System.out.println("北京的奶酪Pizza 准备原材料");
    }
}

一个抽象工厂模式的抽象层（接口）

public interface AbsFactory {

    public Pizza createPizza(String orderType);

}

BJFactory 作为子工厂

public class BJFactory implements  AbsFactory {

    @Override
    public Pizza createPizza(String orderType) {
        System.out.println("使用的是抽象工厂模式");
        Pizza pizza=null;
        if (orderType.equals("cheese")){
            pizza=new BJCheesePizza();
        }else if (orderType.equals("pepper")){
             pizza=new BJPepperPizza();
        }
        return pizza;
    }
}

LDFactory 作为子工厂

public class LDFactory implements AbsFactory {
    @Override
    public Pizza createPizza(String orderType) {
        System.out.println("使用的是抽象工厂模式");
        Pizza pizza=null;
        if (orderType.equals("cheese")){
            pizza=new LDCheesePizza();
        }else if (orderType.equals("peeper")){
            pizza=new LDPepperPizza();
        }
        return pizza;
    }
}

OrderPizza 订单pizza

public class OrderPizza {

    AbsFactory absFactory = null;

    public OrderPizza(AbsFactory factory){
        setFactory(factory);
    }

    private void setFactory(AbsFactory factory) {
        Pizza pizza = null;
        String orderType = "";
        this.absFactory = factory;
        do {
            orderType = getType();
            pizza = factory.createPizza(orderType);
            if (pizza != null) {
                pizza.prepare();
                pizza.bake();
                pizza.cut();
                pizza.box();
            } else {
                System.out.println("订购失败");
                break;
            }
        } while (true);
    }

    private String getType() {
        try {
            BufferedReader strin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
            System.out.println("input pizza 种类");
            String str = strin.readLine();
            return str;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return "";
        }
    }
}

PizzaStore 类启动工厂

public class PizzaStore {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new OrderPizza(new BJFactory());
    }
}

JDK源码分析

工厂模式在JDK-Calendar应用的源码分析

1. 工厂模式在JDK-Calendar类中，就使用了简单工厂模式
2. 源码分析

JDK-Calendar:java实现代码

自定义 Demo： Factory 类

public class Factory {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //getInstance是Calendar的静态方法
        Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
        System.out.println("年:" + calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR));
        System.out.println("月:" + (calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH)+1));
        System.out.println("日:" + calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH));
        System.out.println("时:" + calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY));
        System.out.println("分:" + calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE));
        System.out.println("秒:" + calendar.get(Calendar.SECOND));
    }
}

追踪Calendar类的getInstance()静态方法

 /**
     * Gets a calendar using the default time zone and locale. The
     * <code>Calendar</code> returned is based on the current time
     * in the default time zone with the default
     * {@link Locale.Category#FORMAT FORMAT} locale.
     *
     * @return a Calendar.
     */
    public static Calendar getInstance()
    {
        return createCalendar(TimeZone.getDefault(), Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT));
    }

追踪createCalendar方法：switch语句中根据传入不同的值返回不同类型的Calendar对象实例。

/**
     * Gets a calendar with the specified time zone and locale.
     * The <code>Calendar</code> returned is based on the current time
     * in the given time zone with the given locale.
     *
     * @param zone the time zone to use
     * @param aLocale the locale for the week data
     * @return a Calendar.
     */
    public static Calendar getInstance(TimeZone zone,
                                       Locale aLocale)
    {
        return createCalendar(zone, aLocale);
    }

    private static Calendar createCalendar(TimeZone zone,
                                           Locale aLocale)
    {
        CalendarProvider provider =
            LocaleProviderAdapter.getAdapter(CalendarProvider.class, aLocale)
                                 .getCalendarProvider();
        if (provider != null) {
            try {
                return provider.getInstance(zone, aLocale);
            } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
                // fall back to the default instantiation
            }
        }

        Calendar cal = null;

        if (aLocale.hasExtensions()) {
            String caltype = aLocale.getUnicodeLocaleType("ca");
            if (caltype != null) {
                switch (caltype) {
                case "buddhist":
                cal = new BuddhistCalendar(zone, aLocale);
                    break;
                case "japanese":
                    cal = new JapaneseImperialCalendar(zone, aLocale);
                    break;
                case "gregory":
                    cal = new GregorianCalendar(zone, aLocale);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        if (cal == null) {
            // If no known calendar type is explicitly specified,
            // perform the traditional way to create a Calendar:
            // create a BuddhistCalendar for th_TH locale,
            // a JapaneseImperialCalendar for ja_JP_JP locale, or
            // a GregorianCalendar for any other locales.
            // NOTE: The language, country and variant strings are interned.
            if (aLocale.getLanguage() == "th" && aLocale.getCountry() == "TH") {
                cal = new BuddhistCalendar(zone, aLocale);
            } else if (aLocale.getVariant() == "JP" && aLocale.getLanguage() == "ja"
                       && aLocale.getCountry() == "JP") {
                cal = new JapaneseImperialCalendar(zone, aLocale);
            } else {
                cal = new GregorianCalendar(zone, aLocale);
            }
        }
        return cal;
    }

工厂模式小结

1. 工厂模式的意义
   将实例化对象的代码提取出来，放到一个类中统一管理和维护，达到和主项目的依赖关系的解耦，从而提高项目的扩展和维护性。
2. 三种工厂模式
3. 设计模式的依赖抽象原则
   
   

• 创建对象实例时，不要直接new类，而是把这个new类的动作放在一个工厂的方法中，并返回，有的书上说，变量不要直接持有具体类的引用。
• 不要让类继承具体类，而是继承抽象类或者是实现interface（接口）
• 不要覆盖基类中已经实现的方法。