读《深入理解C语言指针》第三章

/*
 ============================================================================
 Name        : system.c
 Author      : tiger
 Version     :
 Copyright   : Your copyright notice
 Description : Hello World in C, Ansi-style
 ============================================================================
 */
 本文是我看《深入理解C指针》一书的第三章所做的一些记录，也不算什么总结
/*
 * 程序栈是支持函数运行的内存区域，通常和堆共享（二者在同一个内存区域）
 * 程序栈占据这块区域的上部，堆占据的则是上部
 *  * 栈中存放栈帧（活跃记录或活跃帧）栈帧存放函数的参数和局部变量，堆管理动态内存
 * /
 栈帧由以下几种元素组
 * 返回地址
 * 局部数据存储
 * 参数存储
 * 栈指针（指向栈顶部）和基指针（指向栈帧内部的地址）

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

//(1)返回指针
/*int* allocateArray(int size,int value)
{
    int* arr = (int*)malloc(size*sizeof(int));
    for(int i=0;i<size;i++){
        arr[i] = value;
    }
    return arr;
}

int main(void) {
    int* vector = allocateArray(5,45);
    for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
        printf("%d\n",vector[i]);
    }
    free(vector);
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}*/




//(2)传递空指针
/*int* allocateArray(int* arr,int size,int value)
{
    if(arr != NULL){
        for(int i=0;i<size;i++){
            arr[i] = value;
        }
    }
    return arr;
}

int main(void) {

    int* vector = (int*) malloc(5*sizeof(int));
    allocateArray(vector,5,56);
    for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
        printf("result: %d\n",vector[i]);
    }
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}*/



//(2)传递指针的指针
/*
void allocateArray(int** arr,int size,int value)
{
    *arr = (int *)malloc(size*sizeof(int));
    printf("%p\n",*arr);
    if(*arr != NULL){
        for(int i=0;i<size;i++){
            *(*arr+i) = value;
        }
    }
}

int main(void) {

    int* vector = NULL;
    allocateArray(&vector,5,78);
    for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
        printf("result: %d\n",vector[i]);
    }
    free(vector);
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
*/



//实现自己的free函数
/*
#define safeFree(p) saferFree((void**)&(p))

void saferFree(void **pp)
{
    if(pp != NULL && *pp != NULL){
        printf("执行了\n");
        free(*pp);
        *pp = NULL;
    }
}

int main()
{
    int* pi;
    pi = (int*) malloc(sizeof(int));
    *pi = 5;
    printf("Before: %p\n",pi);
    safeFree(pi);
    printf("After: %d\n",pi==NULL);
    safeFree(pi);
    return 0;
}
*/



//声明并使用函数指针 为函数指针声明类型定义
/*
typedef int (*funcptr)(int);

int square(int num)
{
    return num*num;
}

int main()
{
    int n = 10;
    //int (*fptr1)(int);很像函数的原型声明
    //fptr1 = &square;

    funcptr fptr2;
    fptr2 = square;

    int m = 12;
    printf("%d squared is %d\n",n,fptr2(m));
}
*/




//传递函数指针
/*
int add(int num1,int num2)
{
    return num1 + num2;
}

int subtract(int num1,int num2)
{
    return num1 - num2;
}

typedef int (*fptrOperation)(int,int);

int compute(fptrOperation operation,int num1,int num2)
{
    return operation(num1,num2);
}

int main()
{
    printf("%d\n",compute(add,5,6));
    printf("%d\n",compute(subtract,5,6));
}
*/




//返回函数指针
/*int add(int num1,int num2)
{
    return num1 + num2;
}

int subtract(int num1,int num2)
{
    return num1 - num2;
}

typedef int (*fptrOperation)(int,int);

fptrOperation select(char opcode)
{
    switch(opcode){
    case '+': return add;
    case '-': return subtract;
    }
    return NULL;
}
int evaluate(char opcode,int num1,int num2)
{
    fptrOperation operation = select(opcode);
    return operation(num1,num2);
}
int main()
{
    printf("%d\n",evaluate('+',5,16));
    printf("%d\n",evaluate('-',5,16));
    return 0;
}*/




//使用函数指针数组
//声明函数指针数组方法一:
/*typedef int (*operation)(int,int);
operation operations[128] = {NULL};*/

//声明 函数指针数组方法二:
//int (*operations2[128])(int,int) = {NULL};

/*
int add(int num1,int num2)
{
    return num1 + num2;
}

int subtract(int num1,int num2)
{
    return num1 - num2;
}

int mul(int num1,int num2)
{
    return num1 * num2;
}

int divide(int num1,int num2)
{
    return num1/num2;
}
void initializeOperationsArray()
{
    operations['+'] = add;
    operations['-'] = subtract;
    operations1['*'] = mul;
    operations1['/'] = divide;
}
int evaluateArray(char opcode,int num1,int num2)
{
    operation fptroperation;
    fptroperation = operations[opcode];//用字符索引选择对应的函数来执行，此处有问题
    return fptroperation(num1,num2);
}
int mian()
{
    initializeOperationsArray();
    printf("%d\n",evaluateArray('+',12,3));
    printf("%d\n",evaluateArray('-',12,3));
    printf("%d\n",evaluateArray('*',12,3));
    printf("%d\n",evaluateArray('/',12,3));
    return 0;
}
*/




//比较函数指针
/*typedef int (*fptrOperation)(int,int);

int add(int num1,int num2)
{
    return num1 + num2;
}*/
int mian()
{
    /*fptrOperation fptr1 = add;
    if(fptr1 == add){
        printf("fptr1 points to add function\n");
    }else{
        printf("fptr1 does not points to add function\n");
    }*/
    return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

typedef int (*fptrOperation)(int,int);

int add(int num1,int num2)
{
    return num1 + num2;
}

/*int main()
{
    printf("Helloworld!\n");
    fptrOperation fptr1 = add;
    if(fptr1 == add){
        printf("fptr1 points to add function\n");
    }else{
        printf("fptr1 does not points to add function\n");
    }
    return 0;
}*/
/*int main()
{
    fptrToTwoInts fptrFirst = add;
    fptrToSingleInt fptrSecond = (fptrToSingleInt)fptrFirst;
    fptrFirst = (fptrToTwoInts)fptrSecond;
    printf("%d\n",fptrFirst(5,6));
}*/
//无法保证函数指针和数据指针相互转换后正常工作
//void*指针不一定能用在函数指针上，void* pv = add;
//不过在交换函数指针时常看到如下声明的"基本"函数指针类型
// typedef void (*fptrBase)();

//===========================================================


typedef void (*fptrBase)();
typedef int (*fptrToSingleInt)(int);
typedef int (*fptrToTwoInts)(int,int);

int main()
{
    fptrBase basePointer;
    fptrToTwoInts fptrFirst = add;
    basePointer = (fptrToSingleInt)fptrFirst;
    fptrFirst = (fptrToTwoInts)basePointer;
    printf("%d",fptrFirst(15,6));
}

//返回局部变量的指针时错误的，为局部变量分配的内存会在后续的函数调用中被覆盖
//传递指向常量数据的指针很高效，可以防止函数修改传入的数据
//传递指针的指针可以让传入的参数指针指向不同的内存地址