初步学习JAVA网络编程

初步学习JAVA网络编程

今天我开始学习JAVA NETWORKING

一下内容为摘抄教程网站。

http://www.javatpoint.com/java-networking

Java Networking

Java Networking is a concept of connecting two or more computing devices together so that we can share resources.

Java socket programming provides facility to share data between different computing devices.

Advantage of Java Networking

sharing resources
centralize software management

Java Networking Terminology

The widely used java networking terminologies are given below:
**IP Address
Protocol
Port Number
MAC Address
Connection-oriented and connection-less protocol
Socket**

1) IP Address

IP address is a unique number assigned to a node of a network e.g. 192.168.0.1 . It is composed of octets that range from 0 to 255.

It is a logical address that can be changed.

2) Protocol

A protocol is a set of rules basically that is followed for communication. For example:

TCP
FTP
Telnet
SMTP
POP etc.

3) Port Number

The port number is used to uniquely identify different applications. It acts as a communication endpoint between applications.

The port number is associated with the IP address for communication between two applications.

4) MAC Address

MAC (Media Access Control) Address is a unique identifier of NIC (Network Interface Controller). A network node can have multiple NIC but each with unique MAC.

5) Connection-oriented and connection-less protocol

In connection-oriented protocol, acknowledgement is sent by the receiver. So it is reliable but slow. The example of connection-oriented protocol is TCP.

But, in connection-less protocol, acknowledgement is not sent by the receiver. So it is not reliable but fast. The example of connection-less protocol is UDP.

6) Socket

A socket is an endpoint between two way communication.

Visit next page for java socket programming.

Java Socket Programming

Java Socket programming is used for communication between the applications running on different JRE （Java Runtime Environment，Java运行环境.

Java Socket programming can be connection-oriented or connection-less.

Socket and ServerSocket classes are used for connection-oriented socket programming and DatagramSocket and DatagramPacket classes are used for connection-less socket programming.

The client in socket programming must know two information:

IP Address of Server, and
Port number.

DataInputStream
数据输入流允许应用程序以与机器无关方式从底层输入流中读取基本 Java 数据类型。应用程序可以使用数据输出流写入稍后由数据输入流读取的数据。 DataInputStream 对于多线程访问不一定是安全的。 线程安全是可选的，它由此类方法的使用者负责。

**socket Programming
url class**

The Java URL class represents an URL. URL is an acronym for Uniform Resource Locator. It points to a resource on the World Wide Web. For example:

http://www.javatpoint.com/java-tutorial
A URL contains many information:

Protocol: In this case, http is the protocol.
Server name or IP Address: In this case, www.javatpoint.com is the server name.
Port Number: It is an optional attribute. If we write http//ww.javatpoint.com:80/sonoojaiswal/ , 80 is the port number. If port number is not mentioned in the URL, it returns -1.
File Name or directory name: In this case, index.jsp is the file name.

Commonly used methods of Java URL class

The java.net.URL class provides many methods. The important methods of URL class are given below.

Method Description
public String getProtocol() it returns the protocol of the URL.
public String getHost() it returns the host name of the URL.
public String getPort() it returns the Port Number of the URL.
public String getFile() it returns the file name of the URL.
public URLConnection openConnection() it returns the instance of URLConnection i.e. associated with this URL.

Java URLConnection class

Displaying source code of a webpage by URLConnecton class

The URLConnection class provides many methods, we can display all the data of a webpage by using the getInputStream() method. The getInputStream() method returns all the data of the specified URL in the stream that can be read and displayed.

Java HttpURLConnection class

The Java HttpURLConnection class is http specific URLConnection. It works for HTTP protocol only.

By the help of HttpURLConnection class, you can information of any HTTP URL such as header information, status code, response code etc.

The java.net.HttpURLConnection is subclass of URLConnection class.

How to get the object of HttpURLConnection class

Java InetAddress class