Python小程序代码片

用于记录自己写的,或学习期间看到的不错的,小程序,持续更新......

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例001】计算:1-2+3-4..+199-200值

#encoding=utf-8
#计算 1-2+3-4..+199-200值
#1+3+5+7+...199
#-2-4-6...-200
sum1  = 0
sum2  = 0
for i in range(1,200,2):      #计算1+3+5+7...199
    sum1 +=i
print sum1


for i in range(-200,0,2):    #计算-2+(-4)+(-6)...+(-200)
    sum2 +=i
print sum2


print "The total of 1-2+3-4..+199-200 is: ", sum1+sum2
例002】将两个文件中相同的部分,写到一个文件中
#encoding=utf-8
#Python 2.7.4
#Purpose:  将文件1.txt,2.txt中相同的内容放到3.txt中;
f1 = open("1.txt","r+")
f2 = open("2.txt","r+")
f3 = open("3.txt","w+")


all1 = f1.readlines()    #先拿文件1中所有行取出
all2 = f2.readlines()    #再拿文件2中所有行取出
f1.close()
f2.close()


for l1 in all1:
    for l2 in all2:
        if l1.strip()==l2.strip():  #比较行中内容是否一样
            f3.write(l2)
    else:
        continue
else:
    pass
        
print "#"*40
f3.close()
例003】反向读取文件
假如要读取的test.txt文件内容如下:
Python
Perl
Java
Shell
实现代码:
file1 = file('test.txt','r')
list1 = []  #用一个空列表用于存放每行的内容
while True:
    line = file1.readline()
    list1.append(line.strip())
    if len(line) == 0:
        break
for l in list1[::-1]: #反向遍历,然后依次读取出来
    print l

file1.close()
输出结果:
Shell
Java
Perl
Python
例004】 往文件中所有添加指定的前缀

比如文中: print是一个函数

文本文件强制二进制编码

就变成了下面的

01.Python 3.0:  #print是一个函数
02.Python 3.0:  #文本文件强制二进制编码
#coding = gbk     #中文编码

f_r = open('test.txt')     #打开要处理文件
f_w = open('file.txt','w') #创建要添加文件

i = 0    #加前缀标志位

while True:
    i += 1
    line = f_r.readline()
    if not line:
        break
    f_w.write('%02d'%(i) + '.Python 3.0:  #' + line)#字符串格式化及拼接技巧

f_r.close()   #关闭打开的文件句柄
f_w.close()  

例005

#coding = gbk
'''
下面code.txt文件中内容,将
01 CN Chinese
02 IN India
03 HK HongKang
04 JP Japan
05 DE Germany
06 US United States of America
要文件的内容,每一行文件,写到一个文件,且文件名前面两个字段,如
文件名为:01_CN_Chinese.txt
文中内容:01 CN Chinese
知识要点:
1. ''.join 和 split函数
2. 字符的联合
3. with语句,open文件
4. 遍历数组
5. 切片操作
'''
postfix = '.txt'                     #设置后缀

with open('test.txt') as myfile:     #with语句打开文件为myfile
    while True:                      #while循环拿文件读出来
        lines = myfile.readlines()   #拿所有的行一次性读取到列表中
        if not lines: break          #没有则中断
        for line in lines:           #遍历列表
            file_out = str('_'.join(line.split()[:])) + postfix #得到01_CN_Chinese.txt文件名
            open(file_out,'w').write(line)                      #write(line),将没行的文件写入新文件中

例006

#coding = gbk
'''
#最终实现下面的过程
foos = [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0]
bars = [100, 200, 300, 400, 500]

1.0 [200, 300, 400, 500]
2.0 [100, 300, 400, 500]
3.0 [100, 200, 400, 500]
4.0 [100, 200, 300, 500]
5.0 [100, 200, 300, 400]
#知识点
1. map函数的理解
2. 关键是切片函数的应用

'''

foos = [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0]
bars = [100, 200, 300, 400, 500]

def func(foo):
    index = foos.index(foo) #foo在foos中的索引,拿她取出来
    print foo,bars[:][0:index] + bars[:][index+1:]
    #该索引同样在bars中相同位置,在切片的时候拿它取出,并拼接这个切片
    #大功告成!

print map(func,foos)

例007】求 6! + 5! + 4! + 3! + 2! + 1!

def factorial(n):
    return reduce(lambda x,y: x* y, range(1,n+1)) <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">#求6!</span>

print reduce(lambda x,y: x + y, [factorial(i) for i in range(1,6)]) <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">#求6! + 5! + 4! + 3! + 2! + 1!</span>
例008】 根据输入打印文件
import sys

helpinfo= '''\
This program prints files to the standard output.
Any number of files can be specified.
Options include:
--[version|VERSION|V|v]: Prints the version number
--[help   |HELP   |H|h]: Display the help
'''

def readfile(filename):
    try:
        f = open(filename)
        while True:
            line = f.readline()
            if not line:
                break
            print line,
    except:
        print 'some error here'

if len(sys.argv) < 2:
    print 'No action is needed!'
    sys.exit()

if sys.argv[1].startswith('--'):
    option = sys.argv[1][2:]
    if option in ['version','v','V','VERSION']:
        print 'Version 1.0'
    elif option in ['h','H','help','HELP']:
        print helpinfo
    else:
        print 'Unknown option.'
    sys.exit()
    
else:
    for filename in sys.argv[1:]:
        readfile(filename)

例009】函数中args的用法

def powersum(power,*args):
    '''Print each argument's power'''
    total = 0
    for item in args:
        total += pow(item,power)
    return total

print powersum(2,3,4)  # (3**2) + (4**2)
print powersum(2,10)   # 10**2
print powersum(2)      # 0**2

例010】匿名函数作为返回值

def repeater(n):
    print n
    return lambda s: s*n

twice = repeater(2)

print twice('Hello')
print twice(5)

例011】备份程序

#!/usr/bin/env python

import os,time
source     = ['/home/test/C','/home/test/shell']             #源文件目录
target_dir = '/home/test/python'                             #目标文件目录

today      = target_dir + time.strftime('%Y%m%d')            #
now        = time.strftime('%H%M%S')

if not os.path.exists(today):                                 #判断目录是否存在
  os.mkdir(today)                                             #不存在的话则新建
  print 'Successfully created directory', today

target     = today + os.sep + now + '.zip'                    #target文件格式
zip_cmd    = "zip -qr '%s' %s" % (target, ' '.join(source))   #-q:安静模式 -r递归模式
#等价于 zip -qr /home/test/python20141202/142151.zip /home/test/C /home/test/shell
if os.system(zip_cmd) == 0:     #判断命令是否成功执行,成功执行,返回0
  print 'Successful back to:', target
else:                           #失败的话,打印信息
  print 'Backup FAILED.'

加comment的版本

#!/usr/bin/env python

import os,time

source     = ['/home/test/C','/home/test/shell']
target_dir = '/home/test/python'

today      = target_dir + time.strftime('%Y%m%d')
now        = time.strftime('%H%M%S')

comment    = raw_input('Enter comments here-->')   #要输入的comment
if len(comment) == 0:                              #如果没有comment
  target = today + os.sep + now + '.zip'           #按照上面的操作执行
else:
  target = today + os.sep + now + '_' + comment.replace(' ','_') + '.zip'
#如果有comment, 

if not os.path.exists(today):
  os.mkdir(today)
  print 'The backup directory created!', today

zip_command = "zip -qr '%s' %s" % (target, ' '.join(source))

if os.system(zip_command) == 0:
  print 'Scuccessful backup to', target
else:
  print 'The backup FAILED'
输出结果 :

# python backup_ver4.py
Enter comments here-->add new example
The backup directory created! /home/test/python20141202
Scuccessful backup to /home/test/python20141202/145130_add_new_example.zip

例012】将二进制数转为10进制数

def func(B):
    I = 0
    while B:
        I = I * 2 + (ord(B[0])-ord('0'))
        B = B[1:]
    return I

b = raw_input('Enter binary here:')

print func(b)

例013】将列表中排除重复项并将重复的项找出

def find_duplicate(lst):
    tmp = []                               #临时变量,存放排除后的列表
    for item in lst:            
        if not item in tmp:                #将不在tmp变量找出
            tmp.append(item)
        else:
            print 'The duplicate item is:', item
    print 'After remove the duplicate item:', 
    return tmp

if __name__=='__main__':
    test = input("Enter List here:")        #input技巧
    print find_duplicate(test)
>>> 
Enter List here:[2,1,4,2]
The duplicate item is: 2
After remove the duplicate item: [2, 1, 4]


例014】用Python中列表中append(),pop()函数实现简单的堆栈方法:后进先出

l = []
l.append(1)
l.append(2)
l.append(3)
print l
print l.pop()
print l.pop()
print l.pop()
    

例015】对列表中的单词按首字母排序

>>> words = ['apple','bat','bar','book','atom']
>>> tmp   = {}                #建个空字典  
>>> for word in words:
	letter = word[0]      #作为字典中的键
	if letter not in tmp: #判断首字母是否存在于字典
		tmp[letter] = [word]      #注意要添加[],很关键
	else:
		tmp[letter].append(word)  #如果键已经存在,值列表添加

		
>>> tmp
{'a': ['apple', 'atom'], 'b': ['bat', 'bar', 'book']}

例016】对文件进行整理(除空格、TAB键、除#!&?等键),假如文本文件全为人名,并让首字母大写

  john black
Jerry!
&alice
TOm#
south carolina###
mr  smith?

代码及输出结果如下:

import re

def clean(strings):
    result = []
    for value in strings:
        value = value.strip()
        value = re.sub('[#!&?]','',value)
        value = value.title()
        result.append(value)
    return result

with open('data.txt','a+') as myfile:
    lines = myfile.readlines()
    for line in clean(lines):
        print line
>>> 
John Black
Jerry
Alice
Tom
South Carolina
Mr Smith

例017】用while循环来判断某个数是否是质数

y = input('Enter a integer Here:')

x = y / 2

while x > 1:    
    if y % x == 0:
        print y, 'has factor', x
        break
    x -= 1
    
else:
    print y, 'is prime'
例018】用while实现搜索某个字符串的功能
names = ['Tom','Alice','Wendy','Jerry','Bob','Smith']

while names:
    if names[0] == 'Jerry':
        print 'Hi,', names[0]
        break
    names = names[1:]
    
else:
    print 'Not Found!'
例019】对嵌套的序列进行处理
>>> T = ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6))
>>> for (a,b) in T:
...   print a+100, b+200
...
101 202
103 204
105 206
例020】用for循环实现查找
source = ['sting',(3,4),100,0.1,[1,2]]
tests  = [(3,4),3.14]

for t in tests:             #先是遍历小循环
    for s in source:        #再遍历外层循环
        if s == t:
            print t, 'Found it! '
            break
    else:                    #else语句的位置非常关键,
        print t, 'Not Found!'

等价于下面这种方式

source = ['sting',(3,4),100,0.1,[1,2]]
tests  = [(3,4),100,3.14]

for t in tests:
    if t in source:
        print t, 'Found it.'
    else:
        print t, 'Not found.'
例021】用for循环来收集两个序列中相同的部分
seq1 = 'spam'
seq2 = 'suck'

res  = []
for s1 in seq1:
    if s1 in seq2:
        res.append(s1)

print res

例022】隔个取出字符串

S = 'abcdefghijklmn'

for i in range(0,len(S),2):
    print S[i],

#或者
print S[::2]
例023 】两个列表,列表中每个元素加100,然后与L1中对应元素相乘,形成列表,再对列表求和
L1 = [1,2,3,4] 
L2 = [5,6,7,8] #L2每个元素加一百,105,106,107
#(5+100)*1 + (6+100)*2 + (100+7)*3 + (100+8)*4
# 合计: 1070
L3 = [x+100 for x in L2]
L4 = []

for (x,y) in zip(L1,L3):
    L4.append(x*y)
    
print sum(L4)

#或者用下面精简方式,只是刚看到有点头痛!
print sum([x*y for x,y in [T for T in zip(L1,[x+100 for x in L2])]])

例024】对列表进行,合并,去重,取交集等操作

def func(seq1, seq2=None, opra=None):
    res = []   
    if opra   == '-':
        for item1 in seq1:
            if item1 not in seq2:
                res.append(item1)
                
    elif opra == '&':
        for item1 in seq1:
            if item1 in seq2:
                res.append(item1)
                
    elif opra == '|':
        tmp = seq1[:]
        for item1 in seq2:
            if item1 not in seq1:
                tmp.append(item1)
        return tmp
    
    elif opra == '^':

        for i in seq1:
            if i not in seq2:
                res.append(i)
        for i in seq2:
            if i not in seq1:
                res.append(i)           
        return res
    
    else:
        print 'Need list as input!'

    return res

L1 = [1,2,3,4]
L2 = [3,4,5,6]

print '[L1 - L2]:',func(L1,L2,'-')
print '[L1 & L2]:',func(L1,L2,'&')
print '[L1 | L2]:',func(L1,L2,'|')
print '[L1 ^ L2]:',func(L1,L2,'^')


def list_remove(seq):
    res = []
    for i in seq:
        if i not in res:
            res.append(i)
    return res

L1 = [3,1,2,3,8]
print list_remove(L1)


def find_duplicate(seq):
    res = []
    for i in range(len(seq)):
        if seq.count(seq[i]) >= 2:
            print 'Found %s'% seq[i], 'The index is:', i
            res.append(seq[i])
    return res

L1 = [3,1,2,3,8]
print find_duplicate(L1)
结果如下:
>>> 
[L1 - L2]: [1, 2]
[L1 & L2]: [3, 4]
[L1 | L2]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
[L1 ^ L2]: [1, 2, 5, 6]
[3, 1, 2, 8]
Found 3 The index is: 0
Found 3 The index is: 3
[3, 3]

例025】通过函数改变全局变量的三种方式

var = 99

def local():
    var = 0

def glob1():
    global var
    var += 1

def glob2():
    var = 0
    import Learn
    Learn.var += 1

def glob3():
    var = 0
    import sys
    glob = sys.modules['Learn']
    glob.var += 1

def test():
    print var
    local();glob1();glob2();glob3()
    print var

例026】求range(10)中每个元素的立方

def func():
    res = []
    for i in range(10):
        res.append(lambda x, i=i: i ** x) #i=i这是关键,否则i默认记忆最后一个值:9
    return res

>>> res = func()
>>> for i in range(10):
	res[i](3)	
0
1
8
27
64
125
216
343
512
729

例027】求最小值

def min1(*args):
    mini = args[0]
    for arg in args[1:]:
        if arg < mini:
            mini = arg
    return mini

def min2(first,*rest):
    mini  = first
    for arg in rest:
        if arg < first:
            mini = arg
    return mini

def min3(*args):
    res = list(args)
    res.sort()
    return res[0]

print min1('c','a','b')
print min2(3,1,4)
print min3(1,'a',78,'c')

def func(test, *args):
    res = args[0]
    for arg in args[1:]:
        if test(arg, res):
            res = arg
    return res
        
def lessthan(x, y): return x < y
def morethan(x, y): return x > y

print func(lessthan, 4,3,1,2,9)
print func(morethan, 4,3,1,2,9)
例028 求多个集合的交集及合集
def intersect(*args):
    res = []
    for x in args[0]:
        for other in args[1:]:
            if x not in other:
                break
            else:
                res.append(x)
    return set(res)        #去除重复的部分

print intersect('SPAM','SCAM','SLAM')
    
def union(*args):
    res = []
    for seq in args:
        for item in seq:
            if not item in res:
                res.append(item)
    return res

print union('SA','SB','SC')

def intersect(*args):
    res = []
    for x in args[0]:
        for other in args[1:]:
            if x not in other:
                break
            else:
                res.append(x)
    #为了交互['S','S','A','A','M','M']
    tmp = []
    [tmp.append(i) for i in res if i not in tmp]
    return tmp

print intersect('SCAM','SPAM','SLAM')

例029】字典的拷贝及添加

def copyDict(old):
    new = {}
    for key in old:
        new[key] = old[key]
    return new

def addDict(d1,d2):
    new = {}
    for key in d1.keys():
        new[key] = d1[key]
    for key in d2:
        new[key] = d2[key]
    return new
例030 】求质数
def isPrime(y):
    if y < 1:
        print y, 'not prime'
    else:
        x = y // 2
        while x>1:
            if y % x == 0:
                print y, 'has factor', x
                break
            x -= 1
        else:
            print y, 'is prime!'

例031】比较多个值的大小

def min_max(func,*args):
    res = args[0]
    for arg in args[1:]:
        if func(arg,res):
            res = arg
    return res

def min_func(x,y): return x < y
def max_func(x,y): return x > y

if __name__=='__main__':
    print "The min value is:", min_max(min_func,4,3,2,1,7,6,9)
    print "The max value is:", min_max(max_func,4,3,2,1,7,6,9)
    
# 输出结果:      
>>> 
The min value is: 1
The max value is: 9 

例032】写一个小函数实现内置函数dir的功能

#Filename: mydir.py

tag = 1

def listing(module):
    if tag:
        print '-'*30
        print 'name:', module.__name__,'file:', module.__file__
        print '-'*30

    count = 0
    for attr in module.__dict__.keys():
        if attr[0:2] == '__':
            print '%02d) %s' % (count, attr)
        else:
            print getattr(module,attr)
        count = count + 1

    if tag:
        print '-'*30
        print module.__name__, 'has %d names.' % count
        print '-'*30

if __name__=='__main__':
    import mydir
    listing(mydir)

例033】求分数平均值

'''Filename: grades.txt   求该文件中第二列的平均值
Jerry  78
Alice  45
Wendy 96
Tom    56
Bob   85
'''

temp = []
for line in open('grades.txt'):
    a = line.strip().split()
    if a:
        temp.append(a[1])
        
#['78', '45', '96', '56', '85']
total = 0
for i in temp:
    total += int(i)

print 'The total grade is:', total, 'The average is:', total/len(tmp)

例034】一个实际类的例子

class GenericDisplay:
    def gatherAttrs(self):
        attrs = '\n'
        for key in self.__dict__:
            attrs += '\t%s=%s\n' % (key, self.__dict__[key])
        return attrs
    def __str__(self):
        return '<%s: %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.gatherAttrs())
        
class Person(GenericDisplay):
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age  = age
    def lastName(self):
        return self.name.split()[-1]
    def birthDay(self):
        self.age += 1

class Employee(Person):
    def __init__(self, name, age, job=None, pay=0):
        Person.__init__(self, name, age)
        self.job = job
        self.pay = pay
    def birthDay(self):
        self.age += 2
    def giveRaise(self, percent):
        self.pay *= (1.0 + percent)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    bob = Person('Bob Smith', 40)
    print bob
    print bob.lastName()
    bob.birthDay()
    print bob

    sue = Employee('Sue Jones', 44, job='dev', pay=100000)
    print sue
    print sue.lastName
    sue.birthDay()
    sue.giveRaise(.10)
    print sue

例035】根据给定的年月日以数字方式打印出日期(February 27th, 2015)

# coding = UTF-8
#根据给定的年月日以数字形式打印出日期
months = [
    'January' ,
    'February',
    'March'   ,
    'April'   ,
    'May'     ,
    'June'    ,
    'July'    ,
    'August'  ,
    'September',
    'October'  ,
    'November' ,
    'December'
    ]
#以1~31的数字作为结尾的列表
endings = ['st','nd','rd'] + 17 * ['th'] + \
          ['st','nd','rd'] + 07 * ['th'] + \
                                  ['st']

year  = raw_input('Year: ')
month = raw_input('Month(1-12): ')
day   = raw_input('Day(1-31): ')

month_number = int(month)
day_number   = int(day)
#月份和天数减1来获得正确的索引
month_name   = months[month_number - 1]
ordinal      = day + endings[day_number - 1]

print month_name + ' ' + ordinal + ', ' + year

#输出结果
>>> 
Year: 2015
Month(1-12): 2
Day(1-31): 27
February 27th, 2015

例036】在居中的盒子里打印一条语句

sentence = raw_input("Sentence: ")

screen_width = 80
text_width   = len(sentence)
box_width    = text_width + 6
left_margin  = (screen_width - box_width) // 2

print
print ' '*left_margin + '+'  + '-'*(box_width-4) + '+'
print ' '*left_margin + '| ' + ' '*(text_width)  +' |'
print ' '*left_margin + '| ' +      sentence     +' |'
print ' '*left_margin + '| ' + ' '*(text_width)  +' |'
print ' '*left_margin + '+'  + '-'*(box_width-4) + '+'
print

#输出结果
>>> 
Sentence: Welcome To Beijing!

                           +---------------------+
                           |                     |
                           | Welcome To Beijing! |
                           |                     |
                           +---------------------+
例037 】简单小数据库验证
database = [
    ['Bob', '1234'],
    ['Tom', '2345'],
    ['Foo', '1478']
    ]
usr = raw_input('Enter username: ')
pwd = raw_input('Enter password: ')

if [usr, pwd] in database:
    print 'Access Granted!'
else:
    print 'Access Deny!'
例038 】使用给定的宽度打印格式化后的价格列表
width = input('Please enter width: ')

price_width = 10
item_width  = width - price_width

header_format = '%-*s%*s'
format        = '%-*s%*.2f'

print '=' * width

print header_format % (item_width, 'Item', price_width, 'Price')

print '-' * width

print format % (item_width, 'Apples', price_width, 0.4)
print format % (item_width, 'Sweets', price_width, 0.5)
print format % (item_width, 'Pepper', price_width, 12.94)
print format % (item_width, 'Tender', price_width, 42)

print '-' * width

输出格式:

>>> 
Please enter width: 30
==============================
Item                     Price
------------------------------
Apples                    0.40
Sweets                    0.50
Pepper                   12.94
Tender                   42.00
------------------------------

例039】遍历两个对应列表

names   = ['Alice', 'Bob' , 'Cherry', 'David']
numbers = ['0000' , '1111', '2222'  , '3333' ]

for index,name in enumerate(names):
    print '%-7s=> %s' % (name, numbers[index])

#输出结果
>>> 
Alice  => 0000
Bob    => 1111
Cherry => 2222
David  => 3333

当然也可以采用如下通常的做法:

names = ['Alice','Bob', 'John', 'Fred']
ages  = [27, 23, 31, 29]
for i in range(len(ages)):
    print names[i],' is ', ages[i], ' years old!'

#输出结果:
>>> 
Alice  is  27  years old!
Bob  is  23  years old!
John  is  31  years old!
Fred  is  29  years old!

例040】对存储在小字典中数据进行查询

peoples = {
    'Alice':{
              'phone'    : '0948',
              'address'  : 'aaaa'
            },
    'Wendy':{
              'phone'    : '4562',
              'address'  : 'bbbb'
            },
    'David':{
              'phone'    : '4562',
              'address'  : 'bbbb'
            }
    }
#字典使用人名作为键。每个人用另外一个字典来表示,其键'phone'和'addr'分别表示他们的电话号码和地址


labels = {
    'phone'   : 'phone number',
    'address' : 'address'
    }
#针对电话号码和地址使用描述性标签,会在打印输出时用到。
key = ''
name = raw_input('Name: ')


if name in peoples:
    request = raw_input('Enter (p) or (a): ')
    if request == 'p':
        key = 'phone'
    elif request == 'a':
        key = 'address'
    else:
        print 'Please input p(phone) an a(address)!'
    print "%s's %s is %s" % (name, labels[key],peoples[name][key])

else:
    print 'Not Found!'

或者使用字典的get()方法,更好些。完整代码如下:

#字典使用人名作为键。每个人用另外一个字典来表示,其键'phone'和'addr'分别表示他们的电话号码和地址 
peoples = {  
    'Alice':{  
              'phone'    : '0948',  
              'address'  : 'aaaa'  
            },  
    'Wendy':{  
              'phone'    : '4562',  
              'address'  : 'bbbb'  
            },  
    'David':{  
              'phone'    : '4562',  
              'address'  : 'bbbb'  
            }  
    }  
 
  
#针对电话号码和地址使用描述性标签,会在打印输出时用到。   
labels = {  
    'phone'   : 'phone number',  
    'addr'    : 'address'  
    }  

name = raw_input('Name: ')
#查找电话号码还是地址?
request = raw_input('Phone number (p) or address (a)? ')

#查找正确的键
key = request     #如果请求即不是p也不是a
if request == 'p': key = 'phone'
if request == 'a': key = 'addr'

#使用get()函数提供默认值
person = peoples.get(name,{})
label  = labels.get(key, key)
result = person.get(key, 'not available')

print "%s's %s is %s." % (name, label, result)
例041 】字典格式化字符串例子

template='''<html>
<head><title></title></head>
<h1>%(title)s</h1>
<p1>%(text)s</p1>
<body></body>
</html>'''

data = {'title':'My Home Page','text':'Welcome to my home page!'}
print template % data

#输出结果:
>>> 
<html>
<head><title></title></head>
<h1>My Home Page</h1>
<p1>Welcome to my home page!</p1>
<body></body>
</html>

例042】需找100以内的最大平方数

from math import sqrt
#从100开始往下找,找到即停止,最大为: 81
for n in range(99, 0, -1):
    root = sqrt(n)
    if root == int(root):
        print n
        break

例043】用while/True, break控制输入

while True: #一直进行下去,除非break
    word = raw_input('Please Enter a word: ')
    if not word: break   #输入为空的话,中断循环
    print 'The word was: ' + word

例044】将两个列表中首字母相同的提取出来

#将两个列表中首字母相同的罗列在一起
girls = ['alice', 'bernice', 'clarice']
boys  = ['chris', 'arnold', 'bob']
#列表推导: 
print [b+'+'+g for b in boys for g in girls if b[0] == g[0]]
#输出结果:
>>> 
['chris+clarice', 'arnold+alice', 'bob+bernice']

例045】斐波那契数列求指定数字的列表

def fibs(x):
    fibs = [0, 1] # 初始值
    for i in range(x):
        # fibs[-2]+fibs[-1]:最新一个值是前面两个值之和
        # 并用append方法将其添加在后面
        fibs.append(fibs[-2]+fibs[-1]) 
    print fibs
    
if __name__=='__main__':
    num  = input('How many Fibonacci numbers do you want? ')
    fibs(num)

或者用普通方法实现:

>>> def fib(max):
	n, a, b  = 0, 0, 1
	tmp_list = []
	while n < max:
		tmp_list.append(a)
		a, b = b, a+b
		n += 1
	return tmp_list

>>> fib(8)
[0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13]

例046】写一个自定义列表类,让它支持尽可能多的支持操作符号

class MyList:
    def __init__(self, start):
        self.wrapped = [] # Make sure it's a list here
        for x in start:
            self.wrapped.append(x)
    def __add__(self, other):
        return MyList(self.wrapped + other)
    def __mul__(self, time):
        return MyList(self.wrapped * time)
    def __getitem__(self, offset):
        return self.wrapped[offset]
    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.wrapped)
    def __getslice__(self, low, high):
        return MyList(self.wrapped[low:high])
    def append(self, node):
        self.wrapped.append(node)
    def __getattr__(self, name): # Other members: sort/reverse/etc
        return getattr(self.wrapped, name)
    def __repr__(self):
        return repr(self.wrapped)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    x = MyList('spam')
    print x
    print x[2]
    print x[1:]
    print x + ['eggs']
    print x * 3
    x.append('a')
    x.sort()
    for c in x:
        print c,

# 输出结果如下:
>>> 
['s', 'p', 'a', 'm']
a
['p', 'a', 'm']
['s', 'p', 'a', 'm', 'eggs']
['s', 'p', 'a', 'm', 's', 'p', 'a', 'm', 's', 'p', 'a', 'm']
a a m p s

例047】用urllib模块来批量下载图片

import re
import urllib

def getHtml(url):
    page = urllib.urlopen(url)
    html = page.read()
    return html

def getImg(html):
    reg = r'src="(.*?\.jpg)" width'
    imgre = re.compile(reg)
    imgList = re.findall(imgre, html)
    x = 0   
    for imgurl in imgList:
        urllib.urlretrieve(imgurl, '%s.img' % x)   # urlretrieve()下载图片
        x += 1
        
html = getHtml("http://www.w3cschool.cc/")
print getImg(html)
例048 】用PyQt4实现简单的按钮事件(Hello,World!)
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import sys
from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui

# 自定义的窗口类
class TestWindow(QtGui.QWidget):
    # 窗口初始化
    def __init__(self, parent = None):
        super(TestWindow, self).__init__(parent)
        self.setWindowTitle(u'胡桃夹子')

        # 创建按钮
        self.pushButton = QtGui.QPushButton(u'测试按钮')

        # 创建文本框
        self.textEdit = QtGui.QTextEdit()

        # 创建垂直布局
        layout = QtGui.QVBoxLayout()

        # 将控件添加到布局中
        layout.addWidget(self.textEdit)
        layout.addWidget(self.pushButton)

        # 设置窗口布局
        self.setLayout(layout)

        # 设置按钮单击动作
        self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.sayHello)

    # 按钮动作处理
    def sayHello(self):
        self.textEdit.setText('Hello World!')

# 程序主入口
if __name__=='__main__':
    app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
    mainWindow = TestWindow()
    mainWindow.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

例049】用python解析文本的一个例子

假如配置文件如下, 要确保配置文件行为tablename后面的level中值给读取出来

#FileName: data.conf
(tablename  "A__employee__id.sql")
(userid     "000001")
(number     "100001")
(level      "P1")


(tablename  "B__employee__id.sql")
(userid     "100001")
(number     "100000")
(level      "P2")


(tablename  "C_other_table.sql")
(userid     "000001")
(number     "100001")
(level      "P2")


(tablename  "C__employee__table.sql")
(userid     "000001")
(number     "100001")
(level      "P3")
代码如下:
def parse_File(filename):
    tmp = []
    fh = open(filename)
    line = fh.readline()
    flag = 0
    while line:
        if "tablename" in line and "__employee__" in line:
            count = 0
            flag  = 1
        if flag == 1:
            count += 1
            if count == 4 and "level" in line:
                value = line.split(r'"')[1]
                tmp.append(value)
        line = fh.readline()
    return tmp


if __name__ == '__main__':
    print parse_File('data.conf')















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