关于GCD的一些用法

        /*----------------GCD延迟调用------------*/

        /*
         void
         dispatch_after(dispatch_time_t when,//什么时候执行延迟调用的代码
         dispatch_queue_t queue,//执行的任务放到哪个队列
         dispatch_block_t block);//具体执行的任务
         */

        //代码执行到此处的时间
        CFAbsoluteTime now = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent();
        //延迟两秒
        dispatch_time_t time = dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(2 * NSEC_PER_SEC));

        dispatch_after(time, dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
            NSLog(@"subTime is %f", CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent() - now);
        });

        //异步线程要写runloop，否则还没执行就运行结束了。。。。
        [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] run];


        /*--------------dispatch_group_async的使用------------*/

        //dispatch_group_async 执行多个任务都结束后的一个全部结束的处理，用来监视一组block对象的完成

        //创建group
        dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create();

        //获取异步线程
        dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);

        //异步添加事件，任务的执行顺序是随机的
        dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
            sleep(5);
            NSLog(@"block1");
        });

        dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
            NSLog(@"block2");
        });

        dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
            NSLog(@"block3");
        });

        //结果汇总，所有任务执行结束汇总，不阻塞当前进程
        dispatch_group_notify(group, queue, ^{
            NSLog(@"group end");
        });


        //对block中的时间永久等待
//        dispatch_time_t time = DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER;
        //等待所有的任务结束，中途不得取消，阻塞当前进程
//        dispatch_group_wait(group, time);

        dispatch_time_t time = dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(2 * NSEC_PER_SEC));

        long result = dispatch_group_wait(group, time);
        if (result == 0) {
            NSLog(@"任务全部结束");
        } else {
            NSLog(@"还有任务没有结束");
        }

        NSLog(@"END");




        /*------------dispatch_apply的使用-----------*/
        //dispatch_apply按指定的次数将指定的block追加到dispatch queue中，并等待全部处理执行结束，可实现高性能的循环迭代
        NSArray *arr = @[@0, @1, @2, @3, @4, @5, @6];
        dispatch_async(queue, ^{
            //使用dispatch_apply的执行效率比for高
            dispatch_apply([arr count], queue, ^(size_t index) {
                NSLog(@"%zu----%@", index, arr[index]);
            });

            //执行更新
            dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                NSLog(@"done");
            });
        });



        //-------信号量dispatch_semaphore的使用---------

        NSMutableArray *mArr = [NSMutableArray array];

        //创建信号量,参数取决与线程数量
        dispatch_semaphore_t semaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(1);

        for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
            dispatch_async(queue, ^{

                //等待,等待条件：如果信号量>0,则不需要等待直接往下执行，但是信号量-1, 反之则等待
                dispatch_semaphore_wait(semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);

                [mArr addObject:@(i)];

                //发信号，使原来的信号量计数值+1
                dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore);

            });
        }

        //这时可能数据还没完全加载，需要延迟调用
        NSLog(@"count is %ld", mArr.count);

        //延迟执行
        dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(5 * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{

            //验证是否全部加载
            NSLog(@"mArr.count is %ld", mArr.count);

            //验证是否有重复
            NSSet *set = [NSSet setWithArray:mArr];
            NSLog(@"set.count is %ld", set.count);
        });

        //-------------多线程并发控制------------------

        dispatch_semaphore_t semaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(3);//3个并行数
        dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create();

        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i ++) {
            dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
                //永久等待程序执行
                dispatch_semaphore_wait(semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);

                NSLog(@"%d", i);

                sleep(1
                      );

                //发送信号,信号量+1
                dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore);
            });
        }

        //永久等待，不需要再写runloop
        dispatch_group_wait(group, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
        NSLog(@"END");