**数据库连接池:**其实就是一个容器(集合),存放数据库连接的内容。当系统初始化好后,容器被创建,容器中会申请一些连接对象,当用户来访问数据库时,从容器中获取连接对象,用户访问后,会将连接对象归还给容器。
**好处:**可以节约资源,用户访问高效。
实现:
1.获取连接:getConnection(),归还连接:Connection.close().如果连接对象Connection是从连接池中获取的,那么调用Connection.close()方法,则不会再关闭连接了,而是归还连接。
2.一般我们不去实现它,由数据库厂商来实现:
1.C3P0:数据库连接池技术
2.Druid:数据库连接池实现技术,由阿里巴巴提供的
C3P0数据库连接池技术:
- 导入jar包 (两个) c3p0-0.9.5.2.jar mchange-commons-java-0.2.12.jar ,
* 不要忘记导入数据库驱动jar包 - 定义配置文件
* 名称: c3p0.properties 或者 c3p0-config.xml
* 路径:直接将文件放在src目录下即可。 - 创建核心对象 数据库连接池对象 ComboPooledDataSource
- 获取连接:getConnection
简单的演示:
<c3p0-config>
<!-- 使用默认的配置读取连接池对象 -->
<default-config>
<!-- 连接参数 -->
<property name="driverClass">com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="jdbcUrl">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db4</property>
<property name="user">root</property>
<property name="password">root</property>
<!-- 连接池参数 -->
<property name="initialPoolSize">5</property>
<property name="maxPoolSize">10</property>
<property name="checkoutTimeout">3000</property>
</default-config>
<named-config name="otherc3p0">
<!-- 连接参数 -->
<property name="driverClass">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="jdbcUrl">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db3</property>
<property name="user">root</property>
<property name="password">root</property>
<!-- 连接池参数 -->
<property name="initialPoolSize">5</property>
<property name="maxPoolSize">8</property>
<property name="checkoutTimeout">1000</property>
</named-config>
</c3p0-config>
package cn.wzc.datasource.c3p0;
import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
//c3p0的演示
public class C3P0Demo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
// 创建数据库连接池对象
DataSource ds = new ComboPooledDataSource();
// 获取连接对象
Connection conn = ds.getConnection();
// 打印
System.out.println(conn);
}
}
package cn.wzc.datasource.c3p0;
import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
public class C3P0Demo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
/*// 1,获取DataSource
DataSource ds = new ComboPooledDataSource();
for (int i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {az
Connection conn = ds.getConnection();
System.out.println(i + ":" + conn);
if (i == 5) {
conn.close();
// 归还到连接池中
}
}*/
testNameConfig();
}
public static void testNameConfig() throws SQLException {
// 获取DataSource,使用指定名称配置
DataSource ds = new ComboPooledDataSource("otherc3p0");
for (int i = 0; i <= 10; i++) {
Connection conn = ds.getConnection();
System.out.println(i + ":" + conn);
}
}
}
Druid:
步骤:
1. 导入jar包 druid-1.0.9.jar
2. 定义配置文件:
* 是properties形式的
* 可以叫任意名称,可以放在任意目录下
3. 加载配置文件。Properties
4. 获取数据库连接池对象:通过工厂来来获取 DruidDataSourceFactory
5. 获取连接:getConnection
简单演示:
package cn.wzc.datasource.druid;
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourceFactory;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.util.Properties;
public class druidDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 导入jar包
// 定义配置文件
// 加载配置文件
Properties pro = new Properties();
InputStream is = druidDemo1.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("druid.properties");
pro.load(is);
// 获取连接池对象
DataSource ds = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(pro);
// 获取连接
Connection conn = ds.getConnection();
System.out.println(conn);
}
}
druid.properties:
driverClassName=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql:///db3
username=root
password=root
#初始化连接数量
initialSize=5
#最大连接数
maxActive=10
#最大等待时间
maxWait=3000
filters=stat
timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis=60000
minEvictableIdleTimeMillis=300000
validationQuery=SELECT 1
testWhileIdle=true
testOnBorrow=false
testOnReturn=false
poolPreparedStatements=false
maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize=200
定义一个JDBC工具类:
package cn.wzc.datasource.utils;
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourceFactory;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Properties;
//Druid连接池工具类
public class JDBCUtils {
// 1.定义一个成员变量DataSource
private static DataSource ds ;
static {
try {
// 加载配置文件
Properties pro = new Properties();
pro.load(JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("druid.properties"));
// 获取DataSource
ds = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(pro);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 获取连接
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
return ds.getConnection();
}
// 释放资源
public static void close( Statement stmt, Connection conn){
close(null,stmt,conn);
}
public static void close(ResultSet rs, Statement stmt, Connection conn){
if (stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (conn !=null){
try {
conn.close();
// 归还连接
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (rs!=null){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
// 获取连接池方法
public static DataSource getDataSource(){
return ds;
}
}
使用工具类案例:
package cn.wzc.datasource.druid;
import cn.wzc.datasource.utils.JDBCUtils;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;
//使用新的工具类
public class druidDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 完成添加的操作
// 获取连接
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
try {
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
String sql = "insert into account values(?,?,null)";
// 获取pstmt对象
pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
// 给问号赋值
pstmt.setDouble(1,1000);
pstmt.setString(2,"nihaor");
// 执行sql
int count = pstmt.executeUpdate();
System.out.println(count);
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
JDBCUtils.close(pstmt,conn);
}
}
}
我连续执行力三次,数据库表:
Spring JDBC:
Spring框架对JDBC的简单封装,提供了一个JDBCTemplate对象简化JDBC的开发
步骤:
- 导入jar包
- 创建jdbcTemplate对象,依赖于数据源DataSource
- 调用JdbcTemplate的方法来完成CRUD的操作
package cn.wzc.datasource.jdbctemplate;
import cn.wzc.datasource.utils.JDBCUtils;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
public class JdbcTemplateDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 创建JDBCTemplate对象
JdbcTemplate template = new JdbcTemplate(JDBCUtils.getDataSource());
// 调用方法
String sql = "update account set balance = 5000 where id = ?";
int count = template.update(sql,3);
System.out.println(count);
}
}
练习:
- 修改1号数据的salary为10000
- 添加一条记录
- 删除刚才添加的记录
- 查询id为1的记录,将其封装为 Map集合
- 查询所有记录,将其封装为List
- 查询所有记录,将其封装为Emp对象的List集合
- 查询总记录数
package cn.wzc.datasource.domain;
import java.util.Date;
//封装emp表数据的javaBean
public class Emp {
private Integer id;
private String ename;
private Integer job_id;
private Integer mgr;
private Date joindate;
private Double salary;
private Double bounds;
private Integer dept_id;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Emp{" +
"id=" + id +
", ename='" + ename + '\'' +
", job_id=" + job_id +
", mgr=" + mgr +
", joindate=" + joindate +
", salary=" + salary +
", bounds=" + bounds +
", dept_id=" + dept_id +
'}';
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getEname() {
return ename;
}
public void setEname(String ename) {
this.ename = ename;
}
public Integer getJob_id() {
return job_id;
}
public void setJob_id(Integer job_id) {
this.job_id = job_id;
}
public Integer getMgr() {
return mgr;
}
public void setMgr(Integer mgr) {
this.mgr = mgr;
}
public Date getJoindate() {
return joindate;
}
public void setJoindate(Date joindate) {
this.joindate = joindate;
}
public Double getSalary() {
return salary;
}
public void setSalary(Double salary) {
this.salary = salary;
}
public Double getBounds() {
return bounds;
}
public void setBounds(Double bounds) {
this.bounds = bounds;
}
public Integer getDept_id() {
return dept_id;
}
public void setDept_id(Integer dept_id) {
this.dept_id = dept_id;
}
}
package cn.wzc.datasource.jdbctemplate;
import cn.wzc.datasource.domain.Emp;
import cn.wzc.datasource.utils.JDBCUtils;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.sql.ClientInfoStatus;
import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class jdbcTemplateDemo2 {
// Junit单元测试,可以让方法独立执行
private JdbcTemplate template = new JdbcTemplate(JDBCUtils.getDataSource());
/*修改一号数据的salary为10000*/
@Test
public void test1(){
String sql = "update emp set salary=10000 where id = 1001";
int count = template.update(sql);
System.out.println(count);
}
/*添加元素*/
@Test
public void test2(){
String sql = "insert into emp(id,ename,dept_id) values (?,?,?)";
int count = template.update(sql,1015,"郭靖",10);
System.out.println(count);
}
/*删除刚才添加的元素*/
@Test
public void test3(){
String sql = "delete from emp where id = ?";
int count = template.update(sql,1015);
System.out.println(count);
}
// 注意查询的结果集长度只能是1,将列名作为key,值作为value
@Test
public void test4(){
String sql = "select * from emp where id = ?";
Map<String, Object> map = template.queryForMap(sql, 1001);
System.out.println(map);
//{id=1001, ename=孙悟空, job_id=4, mgr=1004, joindate=2000-12-17, salary=10000.00, bonus=null, dept_id=20}
}
// 将每一条记录封装为map集合
@Test
public void test5(){
String sql = "select * from emp";
List<Map<String, Object>> list = template.queryForList(sql);
for (Map<String, Object> stringObjectMap : list) {
System.out.println(stringObjectMap);
}
}
@Test
public void test6(){
String sql = "select * from emp";
List<Emp> list = template.query(sql, new RowMapper<Emp>(){
@Override
public Emp mapRow(ResultSet rs, int i) throws SQLException {
Emp emp = new Emp();
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String ename = rs.getString("ename");
int job_id = rs.getInt("job_id");
int mgr = rs.getInt("mgr");
Date joindate = rs.getDate("joindate");
double salary = rs.getDouble("salary");
double bonus = rs.getDouble("bonus");
int dept_id = rs.getInt("dept_id");
emp.setId(id);
emp.setEname(ename);
emp.setDept_id(dept_id);
emp.setBounds(bonus);
emp.setJoindate(joindate);
emp.setJob_id(job_id);
emp.setMgr(mgr);
emp.setSalary(salary);
return emp;
}
});
for (Emp emp : list) {
System.out.println(emp);
}
}
@Test
public void test7(){
String sql = "select * from emp";
List<Emp> list = template.query(sql, new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Emp>(Emp.class));
for (Emp emp : list) {
System.out.println(emp);
}
}
@Test
public void test8(){
String sql = "select count(id) from emp";
Long total = template.queryForObject(sql, Long.class);
System.out.println(total);
}
}
编译结果: