Session
服务器端会话技术,在一次会话的多次请求间共享数据,将数据保存在服务器端的对象中。
1,获取HttpSession对象:HttpSession session = request.getSession();
2,使用HttpSession对象:
Object getAttribute(String name)
void setAttribute(String name,Object value)
void removeAttribute(String name)
package com.wzc.session;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/sessionDemo1")
public class SessionDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//使用session共享数据
// 获取session
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
// 存储数据
session.setAttribute("msg", "hello session");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
package com.wzc.session;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/sessionDemo2")
public class SessionDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//使用session共享数据
// 获取session
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
// 获取数据
Object msg = session.getAttribute("msg");
System.out.println(msg);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
3,Session实现依赖于Cookie
4,关于细节方面:
- 当客户端关闭,服务器不关闭,两次获取session是否为同一个?
默认情况下不是
如果需要相同,则可以创建cookie,键为JSESSIONID,设置最大存活时间,让Cookie持久化保存
package com.wzc.session;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/sessionDemo3")
public class SessionDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//使用session共享数据
// 获取session
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
System.out.println(session);
// 期待客户端关闭后,session也能相同
Cookie c = new Cookie("JSESSIONID",session.getId());
c.setMaxAge(60*60);
response.addCookie(c);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
- 当客户端不关闭,服务器关闭,两次获取session是否为同一个?
不是同一个,但是要确保数据不丢失,tomcat自动完成以下工作
session的钝化:在服务器正常关闭之前,将session对象系列化到硬盘上
session的活化:在服务器启动后,将session文件转化为内存中的session对象即可 - session什么时候被销毁?
服务器关闭 session对象调用invalidate() session对象默认失效时间为30min 可以进行配置修改:
<session-config>
<session-timeout>30</session-timeout>
</session-config>
5,session的特点
session用于存储一次会话的多次请求的数据,存在服务器端
session可以存储任意类型,任意大小的数据
session与cookie区别:
1,session存储数据在服务器端,cookie在客户端
2,session没有数据大小限制,cookie有
3,session数据安全,cookie相对于不安全
验证码案例
案例需求:
1. 访问带有验证码的登录页面login.jsp
2. 用户输入用户名,密码以及验证码。
如果用户名和密码输入有误,跳转登录页面,提示:用户名或密码错误
如果验证码输入有误,跳转登录页面,提示:验证码错误
如果全部输入正确,则跳转到主页success.jsp,显示:用户名,欢迎您
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: 10130
Date: 2021/4/29
Time: 21:48
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>login</title>
<script>
window.onload = function () {
document.getElementById("img").onclick = function () {
this.src = "/day16/checkCodeServlet?time="+new Date().getTime();
}
}
</script>
<style>
div{
color: red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/day16/loginServlet" method="post">
<table>
<tr>
<td>用户名</td>
<td><input type="text" name="username"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>密码</td>
<td><input type="password" name="password"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>验证码</td>
<td><input type="text" name="checkCode"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img id="img" src="/day16/checkCodeServlet"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><input type="submit" value="登录"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
<div><%=request.getAttribute("cc_error")%></div>
<div><%=request.getAttribute("login_error")%></div>
</body>
</html>
package com.wzc.Servlet;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;
@WebServlet("/checkCodeServlet")
public class CheckCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
int width = 100;
int height = 50;
// 创建一对象,在内存中图片(验证码图片对象)
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width,height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
// 美化图片
// 填充背景色,画笔对象
Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
// 设置画笔颜色
g.setColor(Color.pink);
g.fillRect(0,0,width,height);
// 画边框
g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
g.drawRect(0,0,width-1,height-1);
String str = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
// 生成随机角标
Random random = new Random();
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
// 写验证码
for (int i = 1; i <=4 ; i++) {
int index = random.nextInt(str.length());
// 获取字符
char ch = str.charAt(index);
sb.append(ch);
g.drawString(ch+"",width/5*i,height/2);
}
String checkCode_session = sb.toString();
// 将验证码存入session
request.getSession().setAttribute("checkCode_session",checkCode_session);
// 画干扰线
g.setColor(Color.gray);
// 随机生成左边点
for (int i = 0; i <10 ; i++) {
int x1 = random.nextInt(width);
int x2 = random.nextInt(width);
int y1 = random.nextInt(height);
int y2 = random.nextInt(height);
g.drawLine(x1,y1,x2,y2);
}
// 图片输出到页面展示
ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",response.getOutputStream());
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
package com.wzc.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;
@WebServlet("/loginServlet")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//设置request编码
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
// 获取参数
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
String checkCode = request.getParameter("checkCode");
// 先获取生成的验证码
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
String checkCode_session = (String) session.getAttribute("checkCode_session");
// 先判断验证码是否正确
if (checkCode_session.equals(checkCode)){
// 判断用户名和密码是否一致
if ("zhangsan".equals(username) &&"123".equals(password)){
// 需要调用UserDao查询数据库
// 存储信息,用户信息
session.setAttribute("user","zhangsan");
// 重定向到success.jsp
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/success.jsp");
}else {
request.setAttribute("login_error","用户名或密码错误");
// 转发到登录页面
request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request,response);
}
}else {
// 验证码不一致,存储提示信息到request
request.setAttribute("cc_error","验证码错误");
// 转发到登录页面
request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request,response);
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: 10130
Date: 2021/4/29
Time: 23:46
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1><%=request.getSession().getAttribute("user")%>,欢迎你</h1>
</body>
</html>
用户名和密码输入正确但验证码输入错误:
用户名密码输入正确但验证码输入错误:
都正确
跳转成功显示:
验证码细节处理:
通过三元运算符来去掉login.jsp中的两个默认值null:
<html>
<head>
<title>login</title>
<script>
window.onload = function () {
document.getElementById("img").onclick = function () {
this.src = "/day16/checkCodeServlet?time="+new Date().getTime();
}
}
</script>
<style>
div{
color: red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/day16/loginServlet" method="post">
<table>
<tr>
<td>用户名</td>
<td><input type="text" name="username"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>密码</td>
<td><input type="password" name="password"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>验证码</td>
<td><input type="text" name="checkCode"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img id="img" src="/day16/checkCodeServlet"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><input type="submit" value="登录"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
<div><%=request.getAttribute("cc_error") == null ? "":request.getAttribute("cc_error")%></div>
<div><%=request.getAttribute("login_error") == null? "":request.getAttribute("login_error")%></div>
</body>
</html>
可见两个null消失了
;
保证验证码是一次性,增加安全性:
获取完一次session中的验证码信息就删除
防止空指针异常
登录成功后返回重新登录就会显示验证码错误,增加了安全性