使用 MetaPost 绘制数学图像

MetaPost 是一个专用的绘制数学类图形的 latex 包
官网:
https://www.tug.org/metapost.html
user manual 下载:
https://www.tug.org/docs/metapost/mpman.pdf
以下是一个可以实现实时绘图脚本实时预览的网站:
http://www.tlhiv.org/mppreview/

绘制箭头图

我们输入一段代码：

drawarrow (0,45)--(0,0);
drawarrow (5,45)--(45,0)
dashed evenly withcolor blue;
drawarrow (5,-2.5)--(45,-2.5);
drawarrow (5,-5)--(45,-5);
label(btex $X$ etex, (0,50));
label(btex $Y$ etex, (0,-3.5));
label(btex $Z$ etex, (50,-3.5));

得到效果图：

绘制函数图像

numeric ux, uy;
120ux=1.2in; 4uy=2.4in;
draw (0,4uy)--(0,0)--(120ux,0);
pickup pencircle scaled 1pt;
draw (0,uy){right}
for ix=1 upto 8:
..(15ix*ux, uy*2/(1+cosd 15ix))
endfor;
label.bot(btex $x$ axis etex, (60ux,0));
label.lft(btex $y$ axis etex rotated 90,
(0,2uy));
label.lft(btex $\displaystyle y=\frac{2}{1+\cos x} $ etex,
(120ux, 4uy));

效果图：

在这里插入代码片

画圆

draw (0,0)..(10,0)..(0,0);

预览

画矩形

draw (0,0)--(10,0)--(10,10)--(0,10)--(0,0);

预览

注意：

--绘制的是直线，..绘制的是光滑曲线

设置颜色

drawoptions(withcolor red);
draw (0,0)..(10,0)..(0,0);

设置虚线

draw (0,0)..(10,0)..(0,0) dashed(dashpattern(on 1 off 1)) withcolor red;

预览

调节线宽

draw (0,0)..(10,0)..(0,0) dashed(dashpattern(on 1 off 1)) withcolor red withpen pencircle scaled 0.2pt;
draw (0,0)..(20,0)..(0,0) dashed(dashpattern(on 1 off 1)) withcolor blue withpen pencircle scaled 1pt;

预览