numpy选取满足特定条件的元素numpy.extract

numpy.extract(condition, arr)

Return the elements of an array that satisfy some condition.

Parameters
condition [array_like]
An array whose nonzero or True entries indicate the elements of arr to extract.
arr [array_like]
Returns
extract [ndarray]
Rank 1 array of values from arr where condition is True.

选出a中满足条件condition的元素，形成新的array，等价于：extractis equivalent to arr[condition].
这里的condition是一个和arr具有相同shape的array，其元素和arr的元素一一对应，arr中的元素如果在condition中对应的元素为True，则被保留，为False，则被舍弃.
在numpy中，像这里的condition表征数组哪些元素有效的boolean数组被定义为mask

示例

选出除以3余数为0的元素

#Input array of the same size as condition.
>>>import numpy as np
>>>arr = np.arange(12).reshape((3, 4))
>>>print(arr)

[[ 0  1  2  3]
 [ 4  5  6  7]
 [ 8  9 10 11]]

condition = np.mod(arr, 3)==0
np.extract(condition, arr)
 
array([0, 3, 6, 9])

等价于

arr[np.mod(arr,3)==0]

array([0, 3, 6, 9])