UAV通信和NOMA的研究现状综述

B. Related Works

1. UAV Communication: In literatures, UAV communication has been extensively studied for boosting the capacity and coverage of existing wireless networks [9]–[18]. Specially, Al-Hourani et al. and Bor-Yaliniz et al. investigated the 2-D and 3-D placement problems of a single UAV in [9] and [10], respectively. Their works showed that the optimal location of the UAV for realizing maximum coverage is closely related to the channel characteristics. A similar problem considering multi-UAV case was later studied in [11], where the circle packing theory was first introduced for determining the optimal locations of the UAVs. Mozaffari et al. [12] analyzed the coverage and rate performances of UAV-based wireless communication in the presence of device-to-device communication links, where the average coverage probabilities were derived both in static UAV case and in mobile UAV case. A multi-UAV aided wireless network was investigated by Wu et al. [13], where the user scheduling, the UAV’s trajectory and the UAV’s power were jointly optimized for maximizing the user’s throughput in a downlink transmission system. Additionally, the trajectory design problem of UAV was also studied in [14], where Zeng et al. built the energy consumption model of UAV as a function of UAV’s flying speed, direction, and acceleration, and they proposed a horizontal trajectory design paradigm for jointly optimizing the communication throughput as well as UAV’s energy consumption. Prior to our work, UAVs have been introduced for IoT applications in [16] and [17]. Motlagh et al. [16] gave a comprehensive survey on the UAV-aided IoT services, they also introduced an envi- sioned UAV-based architecture for delivering value-added IoT services from the sky. As for [17], Mozaffari et al. introduced UAVs for collecting data form IoT devices, where the UAV’s mobility, the UAV-device association, the uplink power control were jointly designed for a time-varying IoT network. They also derived the optimal mobility pattern of UAVs based on the activation process of IoT devices. It shall be mentioned that all these works were conducted in orthogonal multiple access (OMA) systems while this paper work is operated in an NOMA system, thus this paper considers a much more com- plicated regarding the device-UAV association and the power control.
   (2) NOMA: NOMA is known to simultaneously serve multiple users by separating users in the power domain and the code domain. The theories and principles of NOMA were first introduced in [7] and [19], while in [20], Ding et al. eval- uated the performance of NOMA in a cellular downlink network with randomly deployed users, showing that NOMA has a better outage performance than OMA techniques as well as superior ergodic sum rate performance. Later the power allocation and user pairing in NOMA were studied in [21]–[24]. Specifically, Chen et al. [21] proposed an enhanced proportional fair scheduling scheme, which consists of user selection and greedy consecutive sub-band assignment, for uplink NOMA user scheduling with contiguous resource allocation. The matching theory was introduced for user scheduling by Di et al. [22], where the authors modeled users and subchannels as two sets of players and proposed a many- to-many two-side matching algorithm for user scheduling and subchannel assignment. Their algorithm was guaranteed to coverage to a pair-wise stable matching after a limited number of iterations. Moreover, Fang et al. [25] proposed a subop- timal power allocation scheme based on the difference of convex functions programming approach, showing that their scheme achieved superior energy efficiency. It is worth men- tioning that there are quite a few recent studies that have considered using NOMA for improving the performance of UAV-enabled system. For instance, Sharma and Kim [26] considered using UAV as flying BSs and served two ground users with NOMA, and they analyzed the outage performance.
   Later in [27], Nasir et al. considered a more user case and studied a max-min rate optimization problem for jointly optimizing the power allocation, bandwidth allocation, UAV altitude and antenna beamwidth. Liu et al. [28] proposed an effective scheme for jointly optimizing the placement and power allocation of UAVs in an NOMA–UAV network, showing that the total downlink rate has been greatly improved. Zhao et al. [29] introduced a comprehensive framework for realizing effective UAV-base station cooperation for UAV-assisted NOMA networks. Relying on joint UAV trajectory and NOMA precoding optimization, it is substantially beneficial in terms of yielding large throughput of the system. However, all these efforts considered a single UAV case, while the relevant problems regarding multi-UAV enabled NOMA systems still remain unsolved, which is the main focus of this paper.

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节选自文章 Resource Allocation for Multi-UAV Aided IoTNOMA Uplink Transmission Systems