流程控制和专项练习

 

 

目录

条件判断

例子4:条件判断:if语句,根据输入的分数判断成绩等级并输出到屏幕上

例子5:条件判断:闰年的判断:能被4整除但不能杯100整除,或者能被400整除

case()语句

例子6:根据用户输入的字母,输出相应的动物名称和描述

循环语句:

(1)while

1.1 例子举例:计算从 1 到 100 的所有整数的和,并将结果输出到屏幕上。

(2)do....while语句

2.1例子:计算从 1 到 100 的所有整数的和,并将结果输出到屏幕上。

(3)for语句

3.1例子:计算从 1 到 100 的所有整数的和,并将结果输出到屏幕上。

专题练习: 

(1)百钱买百鸡:鸡翁一,值钱五;鸡母一,值钱三;三鸡雏,值钱一,百钱买百鸡,问鸡翁,鸡母,雏鸡各几何?

(2)求出1000以内的水仙花数:

(3)求出100以内的所有质数:2,3,4,5,7,11,13....

(4)在终端输出:ABCDEFGBCDEFCDEFDEFEFF

(5)以下格式输出钻石:

(6)输入N个数(以字母Q、q作为终止),求和。

(7)从半径为1开始,输出圆的面积,知道面积大于100为止.


条件判断

例子4:条件判断:if语句,根据输入的分数判断成绩等级并输出到屏幕上

/*
score [90-100]  A
score [80-90)  B
score  [70-80)  C
score  [60-70)  D
score   [0-60)  E*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
    int score;
    printf("Please input score [0:100]: ");
    scanf("%d", &score);
    if (score >= 0 && score <= 100) {
        if (score >= 90 && score <= 100) {
            puts("A");
        } else if (score >= 80 && score < 90) {
            puts("B");
        } else if (score >= 70 && score < 80) {
            puts("C");
        } else if (score >= 60 && score < 70) {
            puts("D");
        } else {
            puts("E");
        }
    } else {
        fprintf(stderr, "Input error!\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    return 0;
}

在Linux下执行命令运行:

gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/C/.c$ gcc -o 1 flow_control.c
gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/C/.c$ ./1
Please input score [0:100]: 150
Input error!
gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/C/.c$ gcc -o 1 flow_control.c
gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/C/.c$ ./1
Please input score [0:100]: 100
A
gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/C/.c$ gcc -o 1 flow_control.c
gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/C/.c$ ./1
Please input score [0:100]: 58
E
gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/C/.c$ gcc -o 1 flow_control.c
gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/C/.c$ ./1
Please input score [0:100]: 85
B

另一种方法:利用switch(exp)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main()
{
	int score;
	printf("please enter:");
	scanf("%d",&score);
	if(score < 0 || score > 100)
	{
		fprintf(stderr,"EINVAL\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	switch(score/10)
	{
		case 10:
		case 9:
			puts("A");
			break;
		case 8:
			puts("B");
			break;
		case 7:
			puts("C");
			break;
		case 6:
			puts("D");
			break;
		default:
			puts("E");
			break;
		
	}
	exit(0);
}

运行结果:

gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/C/.c$ gcc -o 1 flow_control.c
gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/C/.c$ ./1
please enter:122
EINVAL
gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/C/.c$ gcc -o 1 flow_control.c
gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/C/.c$ ./1
please enter:52
E
gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/C/.c$ gcc -o 1 flow_control.c
gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/C/.c$ ./1
please enter:86
B

例子5:条件判断:闰年的判断:能被4整除但不能杯100整除,或者能被400整除

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
    int num;
    printf("Please input a year: ");
    scanf("%d", &num);
    if ((num % 4 == 0) && (num % 100 != 0) || num % 400 == 0) {
        printf("%i is leap year\n", num);
    } else {
        printf("%i is not leap year\n", num);
    }
    return 0;
}

运行结果:

gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/C/.c$ ./1
Please input a year: 2800
2800 is leap year
gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/C/.c$ gcc -o 1 flow_control.c
gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/C/.c$ ./1
Please input a year: 2001
2001 is not leap year
gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/C/.c$ 

case()语句

语法格式:

switch(exp)
{
	case 常量或常量表达式:
	break;
	case 常量或常量表达式:
	break;
	default:
}

例子6:根据用户输入的字母,输出相应的动物名称和描述

#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
	int ch;
	ch = getchar();
	switch(ch)
	{
		case 'a':
		case 'A':
			printf("Ant:A small insect that lives in group.\n");
			break;
		case 'b':
		case 'B':
			printf("Butterfly:A flying insect with a long sin body.\n");
			break;
		case 'c':
		case 'C':
			printf("Cobra:A highly fangerous snake.\n");
			break;
		case 'd':
		case 'D':
			printf("Donkey:A animal with short legs and long eats!\n");
			break;
		default:
			printf("input error!\n");
			break;
		
	}
	exit(0);
}

运行结果:

gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/C/.c$ gcc -o 1 flow_control.c
gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/C/.c$ ./1
a
Ant:A small insect that lives in group.
gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/C/.c$ gcc -o 1 flow_control.c
gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/C/.c$ ./1
c
Cobra:A highly fangerous snake.
gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/C/.c$ 

循环语句:

(1)while

语法格式:

while:(最少执行的次数为0)
	while(exp)
	loop;

1.1 例子举例:计算从 1 到 100 的所有整数的和,并将结果输出到屏幕上。

#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#define LEFT 1
#define RIGHT 100
int main()
{
	int i;
	int sum =0;
	i = LEFT;
	while(i <= RIGHT)//用i判断循环是否继续
	{
		sum += i;//sum = sum + i
		i ++;//i = i + 1
	}
	printf("sum == %d\n",sum);
	exit(0);
}

  运行结果:

gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/C/.c$ ./1
sum == 5050

(2)do....while语句

语法格式:

(最少执行次数为1次)
do
{
	loop;
}while(exp);
2.1例子:计算从 1 到 100 的所有整数的和,并将结果输出到屏幕上。
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#define LEFT 1
#define RIGHT 100
int main()
{
	int i;
	int sum =0;
	i = LEFT;
	do
	{
		sum += i;//sum = sum + i
		i ++;//i = i + 1
	}while(i <= RIGHT);//用i判断循环是否继续
	printf("sum == %d\n",sum);
	exit(0);
}

运行结果:

gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/C/.c$ gcc -o 1 flow_control.c
gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/C/.c$ ./1
sum == 5050

(3)for语句

语法结构:

for:(最少循环0次)
	for(exp1;exp2;exp3)
loop;

3.1例子:计算从 1 到 100 的所有整数的和,并将结果输出到屏幕上。

#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#define LEFT 1
#define RIGHT 100
int main()
{
	int i;
	int sum = 0;
	for(i = LEFT; i <= RIGHT; i++)
	{
		sum += i;
	}
	printf("sum = %d\n",sum);
	return 0;
}

运行代码:

gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/C/.c$ gcc -o 1 flow_control.c
gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/C/.c$ ./1
sum = 5050

专题练习: 

(1)百钱买百鸡:鸡翁一,值钱五;鸡母一,值钱三;三鸡雏,值钱一,百钱买百鸡,问鸡翁,鸡母,雏鸡各几何?

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
static void test6(void)
{

	int i,j,k;
	for(i = 0;i < 20;i++ )
	{
		for(j =0 ;j < 100/3; j++)
		{
				k  = 100 -i -j;
				if((k %3 == 0) && (i*5+j*3 +k/3) == 100)
				{
					printf("%d %d %d\n",i,j,k);
				}
		}
		
	}

}
int main(){
	test6();
	return 0;
}

运行结果:

0 25 75
4 18 78
8 11 81
12 4 84

(2)求出1000以内的水仙花数:

#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
static void test7(void)
{
	int i;
	int a,b,c;
	for(i=100; i < 1000; i++)
	{
		a = i/100;
		b = i%100/10;
		c = i%10;
		if(i == a*a*a + b*b*b + c*c*c)
			printf("%d\n",i);
	}
}
int main(){
	test7();
	return 0;
}

运行代码:

153
370
371
407

(3)求出100以内的所有质数:2,3,4,5,7,11,13....

#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
static void test8(void){
	int i,j,m;
	for(i=2;i<=100;i++)
	{
		m = 1;
		for(j = 2;j < i/2;j++)
		{
			if(i %j == 0)
			{
				m = 0;
				break;
			}
		}
		if(m)
			printf("%d is a prime.\n",i);
	}
}
int main()
{
	test8();
	return 0;
}

运行结果:

2 is a prime.
3 is a prime.
4 is a prime.
5 is a prime.
7 is a prime.
11 is a prime.
13 is a prime.
17 is a prime.
19 is a prime.
23 is a prime.
29 is a prime.
31 is a prime.
37 is a prime.
41 is a prime.
43 is a prime.
47 is a prime.
53 is a prime.
59 is a prime.
61 is a prime.
67 is a prime.
71 is a prime.
73 is a prime.
79 is a prime.
83 is a prime.
89 is a prime.
97 is a prime.

(4)在终端输出:
ABCDEFG
BCDEF
CDEF
DEF
EF
F

#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
static void test9(void){
	int line =6,chars =6;
	int i;
	char ch;
	for(i = 0;i < line;i++)
	{
		for(ch ='A'+ i; ch < 'A'+chars;ch++)
		{
			printf("%c",ch);
		}
		printf("\n");
	}
	
}
	
int main()
{
	test9();
	return 0;
}

运行结果:

ABCDEF
BCDEF
CDEF
DEF
EF
F

(5)以下格式输出钻石:

   *
  ***
 *****
*******
 *****
  ***
  *

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
static void test10(void){
	int i,k,j;//i控制行数,k控制空格,j控制*
	//拆分成两个三角形,正三角和倒三角
	for(i = 1; i<= 4;i++){//三行组成三角形
		for(j = 1;j <= 4-i; j++)//从第一行打印空格数量,逐步递减
			printf(" ");
		for(k = 1;k <= 2*i-1;k++)
			printf("*");
		printf("\n");
	}
	for(i = 1; i<= 3;i++)
	{
		for(j = 1;j <= i;j++)
			printf(" ");
		for(k = 1; k <= 7-2*i;k++)
			printf("*");
		printf("\n");
	}
		
}
int main(){
	test10();
	return 0;
}

运行结果:

   *
  ***
 *****
*******
 *****
  ***
   *

(6)输入N个数(以字母Q、q作为终止),求和。

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
static void test11(void){
	int num;
	int sum = 0;
	printf("please enter the first integet(q to quit):");
	while(scanf("%d",&num) == 1)//== 1 标识条件为真的情况
	{
		sum += num;
		printf("please enter the next integet(q to quit):");
	}
	printf("sum = %d\n",sum);
		
}
int main(){
	test11();
	return 0;
}

运行结果:

please enter the first integet(q to quit):1
please enter the next integet(q to quit):6
please enter the next integet(q to quit):5
please enter the next integet(q to quit):8
please enter the next integet(q to quit):7 
please enter the next integet(q to quit):q
sum = 27

(7)从半径为1开始,输出圆的面积,知道面积大于100为止.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define PI 3.14
static void test12(void){
	int r;
	float area =1;
	for(r = 1;;r++){
		area = PI * r * r;
		if(area > 100)
			break;
		printf("area = %f\n",area);	
	}
}
int main(){
	test12();
	return 0;
}

运行结果:

area = 3.140000
area = 12.560000
area = 28.260000
area = 50.240002
area = 78.500000

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