前篇文章分析了SPI主控制器驱动,也就是SPI总线驱动,既然总线有了,根据linux设备驱动模型,还得有SPI设备和SPI设备驱动。SPI设备是在板级文件中注册,SPI设备驱动需要用户自己实现,好在内核为我们提供了一个通用的SPI设备驱动spidev.c,下面就来分析一下这个文件,该文件位于kernel3.0.15/drivers/spi/spidev.c。
1. 模块初始化和注销:spidev_init & spidev_exit
- static const struct file_operations spidev_fops = {
- .owner = THIS_MODULE,
- /* REVISIT switch to aio primitives, so that userspace
- * gets more complete API coverage. It'll simplify things
- * too, except for the locking.
- */
- .write = spidev_write,
- .read = spidev_read,
- .unlocked_ioctl = spidev_ioctl,
- .compat_ioctl = spidev_compat_ioctl,
- .open = spidev_open,
- .release = spidev_release,
- .llseek = no_llseek,
- };
- static struct spi_driver spidev_spi_driver = {
- .driver = {
- .name = "spidev",
- .owner = THIS_MODULE,
- },
- .probe = spidev_probe,
- .remove = __devexit_p(spidev_remove),
- /* NOTE: suspend/resume methods are not necessary here.
- * We don't do anything except pass the requests to/from
- * the underlying controller. The refrigerator handles
- * most issues; the controller driver handles the rest.
- */
- };
- /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
- static int __init spidev_init(void)
- {
- int status;
- /* Claim our 256 reserved device numbers. Then register a class
- * that will key udev/mdev to add/remove /dev nodes. Last, register
- * the driver which manages those device numbers.
- */
- BUILD_BUG_ON(N_SPI_MINORS > 256);
- //注册字符设备,参数spidev_fops是struct file_operations的实例,这里就可以知道,用户程序的open、write等操作最终会调用这里面的函数
- status = register_chrdev(SPIDEV_MAJOR, "spi", &spidev_fops);
- if (status < 0)
- return status;
- spidev_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "spidev"); //创建spidev这一类设备,为后面自动生成设备节点做准备
- if (IS_ERR(spidev_class)) {
- unregister_chrdev(SPIDEV_MAJOR, spidev_spi_driver.driver.name);
- return PTR_ERR(spidev_class);
- }
- status = spi_register_driver(&spidev_spi_driver); //注册spi设备驱动
- if (status < 0) {
- class_destroy(spidev_class);
- unregister_chrdev(SPIDEV_MAJOR, spidev_spi_driver.driver.name);
- }
- return status;
- }
- module_init(spidev_init);
- static void __exit spidev_exit(void)
- {
- spi_unregister_driver(&spidev_spi_driver);
- class_destroy(spidev_class);
- unregister_chrdev(SPIDEV_MAJOR, spidev_spi_driver.driver.name);
- }
- module_exit(spidev_exit);
- MODULE_AUTHOR("Andrea Paterniani, <a.paterniani@swapp-eng.it>");
- MODULE_DESCRIPTION("User mode SPI device interface");
- MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
- MODULE_ALIAS("spi:spidev");
在模块初始化函数中,创建了一个字符设备以提供API给用户层,同时创建了一个spidev类,最后注册spi_driver到内核中。在这里我们看到了SPI设备驱动是如何提供API给用户层的,那就是通过再熟悉不过的字符设备。通过字符设备,给用户层提供了5个API:open,release,write,read和ioctl。
接下来分析一下spi_register_driver函数,该函数位于kernel3.0.15/drivers/spi/spi.c
- int spi_register_driver(struct spi_driver *sdrv)
- {
- sdrv->driver.bus = &spi_bus_type; //该驱动所属的总线
- if (sdrv->probe)
- sdrv->driver.probe = spi_drv_probe;
- if (sdrv->remove)
- sdrv->driver.remove = spi_drv_remove;
- if (sdrv->shutdown)
- sdrv->driver.shutdown = spi_drv_shutdown;
- //将驱动注册进设备模型,注册成功的话就会在总线上寻找设备,调用总线上的match函数,看能否与之匹配起来,匹配成功的话,驱动中的probe函数就会被调用
- return driver_register(&sdrv->driver);
- }
2. 探测和移除函数:spidev_probe & spidev_remove
- static int __devinit spidev_probe(struct spi_device *spi)
- {
- struct spidev_data *spidev;
- int status;
- unsigned long minor;
- /* Allocate driver data */
- spidev = kzalloc(sizeof(*spidev), GFP_KERNEL); //分配内存,注意对象的类型是struct spidev_data
- if (!spidev)
- return -ENOMEM;
- /* Initialize the driver data */
- spidev->spi = spi;
- spin_lock_init(&spidev->spi_lock); //一些锁和链表的初始化
- mutex_init(&spidev->buf_lock);
- INIT_LIST_HEAD(&spidev->device_entry);
- /* If we can allocate a minor number, hook up this device.
- * Reusing minors is fine so long as udev or mdev is working.
- */
- mutex_lock(&device_list_lock);
- minor = find_first_zero_bit(minors, N_SPI_MINORS); //从名字上就可以知道,就是找到第一个为0的位,分析见下面
- if (minor < N_SPI_MINORS) {
- struct device *dev;
- spidev->devt = MKDEV(SPIDEV_MAJOR, minor); //如果找到了非0位,就将它作为次设备号与之前注册的主设备号生成设备号
- dev = device_create(spidev_class, &spi->dev, spidev->devt,//创建设备,并生成设备节点,设备节点在/dev目录下,名字的形式为“spidevx.x”
- spidev, "spidev%d.%d",
- spi->master->bus_num, spi->chip_select);
- status = IS_ERR(dev) ? PTR_ERR(dev) : 0;
- } else {
- dev_dbg(&spi->dev, "no minor number available!\n");
- status = -ENODEV;
- }
- if (status == 0) { //创建设备成功后,将相应的位置1,表示该次设备号已经被使用,同时将该设备加入到设备链表
- set_bit(minor, minors);
- list_add(&spidev->device_entry, &device_list);
- }
- mutex_unlock(&device_list_lock);
- if (status == 0)
- spi_set_drvdata(spi, spidev); //将设备的私有数据指针指向该设备
- else
- kfree(spidev);
- return status;
- }
- static int __devexit spidev_remove(struct spi_device *spi)
- {
- struct spidev_data *spidev = spi_get_drvdata(spi);
- /* make sure ops on existing fds can abort cleanly */
- spin_lock_irq(&spidev->spi_lock);
- spidev->spi = NULL;
- spi_set_drvdata(spi, NULL);
- spin_unlock_irq(&spidev->spi_lock);
- /* prevent new opens */
- mutex_lock(&device_list_lock);
- list_del(&spidev->device_entry);
- device_destroy(spidev_class, spidev->devt);
- clear_bit(MINOR(spidev->devt), minors);
- if (spidev->users == 0)
- kfree(spidev);
- mutex_unlock(&device_list_lock);
- return 0;
- }
spidev_data(kernel3.0.15/driver/spi/spidev.c)
- struct spidev_data {
- dev_t devt; //设备号
- spinlock_t spi_lock;
- struct spi_device *spi;
- struct list_head device_entry; //设备链表,所有采用此驱动的设备将连成一个链表
- /* buffer is NULL unless this device is open (users > 0) */
- struct mutex buf_lock;
- unsigned users; //计数,也即是此设备被open的次数
- u8 *buffer;
- };
第一个参数minors的定义:
kernel3.0.15/driver/spi/spidev.c
- #define N_SPI_MINORS 32 /* ... up to 256 */
- static DECLARE_BITMAP(minors, N_SPI_MINORS);
kernel3.0.15/include/linux/types.h
- #define DECLARE_BITMAP(name,bits) \
- unsigned long name[BITS_TO_LONGS(bits)]
3. 打开和释放函数:spidev_open & spidev_release
- static int spidev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
- {
- struct spidev_data *spidev;
- int status = -ENXIO;
- mutex_lock(&device_list_lock);
- list_for_each_entry(spidev, &device_list, device_entry) {
- if (spidev->devt == inode->i_rdev) { //遍历设备链表,每找到一个设备就将它的设备号与打开文件的设备号进行比较,相等的话表示查找成功
- status = 0;
- break;
- }
- }
- //查找成功后就分配读写数据内存,使用计数加1,设置文件私有数据指针指向查找到的设备,以后在驱动的write、read函数里就可以把它取出来
- if (status == 0) {
- if (!spidev->buffer) {
- spidev->buffer = kmalloc(bufsiz, GFP_KERNEL);
- if (!spidev->buffer) {
- dev_dbg(&spidev->spi->dev, "open/ENOMEM\n");
- status = -ENOMEM;
- }
- }
- if (status == 0) {
- spidev->users++;
- filp->private_data = spidev;
- nonseekable_open(inode, filp);
- }
- } else
- pr_debug("spidev: nothing for minor %d\n", iminor(inode));
- mutex_unlock(&device_list_lock);
- return status;
- }
- static int spidev_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
- {
- struct spidev_data *spidev;
- int status = 0;
- mutex_lock(&device_list_lock);
- spidev = filp->private_data;
- filp->private_data = NULL;
- /* last close? */
- spidev->users--;
- if (!spidev->users) {
- int dofree;
- kfree(spidev->buffer);
- spidev->buffer = NULL;
- /* ... after we unbound from the underlying device? */
- spin_lock_irq(&spidev->spi_lock);
- dofree = (spidev->spi == NULL);
- spin_unlock_irq(&spidev->spi_lock);
- if (dofree)
- kfree(spidev);
- }
- mutex_unlock(&device_list_lock);
- return status;
- }
4. 读和写函数:spidev_read & spidev_write
- /* Read-only message with current device setup */
- static ssize_t
- spidev_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *f_pos)
- {
- struct spidev_data *spidev;
- ssize_t status = 0;
- /* chipselect only toggles at start or end of operation */
- if (count > bufsiz)
- return -EMSGSIZE;
- spidev = filp->private_data;
- mutex_lock(&spidev->buf_lock);
- status = spidev_sync_read(spidev, count);
- if (status > 0) {
- unsigned long missing;
- missing = copy_to_user(buf, spidev->buffer, status);
- if (missing == status)
- status = -EFAULT;
- else
- status = status - missing;
- }
- mutex_unlock(&spidev->buf_lock);
- return status;
- }
- /* Write-only message with current device setup */
- static ssize_t
- spidev_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf,
- size_t count, loff_t *f_pos)
- {
- struct spidev_data *spidev;
- ssize_t status = 0;
- unsigned long missing;
- /* chipselect only toggles at start or end of operation */
- if (count > bufsiz) //应用程序写入的数据不能大于驱动中缓冲区的大小,默认为4096个字节
- return -EMSGSIZE;
- spidev = filp->private_data; //指向文件的私有数据
- mutex_lock(&spidev->buf_lock);
- missing = copy_from_user(spidev->buffer, buf, count); //拷贝用户空间的数据到内核空间
- if (missing == 0) {
- status = spidev_sync_write(spidev, count);
- } else
- status = -EFAULT;
- mutex_unlock(&spidev->buf_lock);
- return status;
- }
5.ioctl函数:spidev_ioctl
- static long
- spidev_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
- {
- int err = 0;
- int retval = 0;
- struct spidev_data *spidev;
- struct spi_device *spi;
- u32 tmp;
- unsigned n_ioc;
- struct spi_ioc_transfer *ioc;
- /* Check type and command number */
- if (_IOC_TYPE(cmd) != SPI_IOC_MAGIC)
- return -ENOTTY;
- /* Check access direction once here; don't repeat below.
- * IOC_DIR is from the user perspective, while access_ok is
- * from the kernel perspective; so they look reversed.
- */
- if (_IOC_DIR(cmd) & _IOC_READ)
- err = !access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE,
- (void __user *)arg, _IOC_SIZE(cmd));
- if (err == 0 && _IOC_DIR(cmd) & _IOC_WRITE)
- err = !access_ok(VERIFY_READ,
- (void __user *)arg, _IOC_SIZE(cmd));
- if (err)
- return -EFAULT;
- /* guard against device removal before, or while,
- * we issue this ioctl.
- */
- spidev = filp->private_data;
- spin_lock_irq(&spidev->spi_lock);
- spi = spi_dev_get(spidev->spi);
- spin_unlock_irq(&spidev->spi_lock);
- if (spi == NULL)
- return -ESHUTDOWN;
- /* use the buffer lock here for triple duty:
- * - prevent I/O (from us) so calling spi_setup() is safe;
- * - prevent concurrent SPI_IOC_WR_* from morphing
- * data fields while SPI_IOC_RD_* reads them;
- * - SPI_IOC_MESSAGE needs the buffer locked "normally".
- */
- mutex_lock(&spidev->buf_lock);
- switch (cmd) {
- /* read requests */
- case SPI_IOC_RD_MODE:
- retval = __put_user(spi->mode & SPI_MODE_MASK,
- (__u8 __user *)arg);
- break;
- case SPI_IOC_RD_LSB_FIRST:
- retval = __put_user((spi->mode & SPI_LSB_FIRST) ? 1 : 0,
- (__u8 __user *)arg);
- break;
- case SPI_IOC_RD_BITS_PER_WORD:
- retval = __put_user(spi->bits_per_word, (__u8 __user *)arg);
- break;
- case SPI_IOC_RD_MAX_SPEED_HZ:
- retval = __put_user(spi->max_speed_hz, (__u32 __user *)arg);
- break;
- /* write requests */
- case SPI_IOC_WR_MODE:
- retval = __get_user(tmp, (u8 __user *)arg);
- if (retval == 0) {
- u8 save = spi->mode;
- if (tmp & ~SPI_MODE_MASK) {
- retval = -EINVAL;
- break;
- }
- tmp |= spi->mode & ~SPI_MODE_MASK;
- spi->mode = (u8)tmp;
- retval = spi_setup(spi);
- if (retval < 0)
- spi->mode = save;
- else
- dev_dbg(&spi->dev, "spi mode %02x\n", tmp);
- }
- break;
- case SPI_IOC_WR_LSB_FIRST:
- retval = __get_user(tmp, (__u8 __user *)arg);
- if (retval == 0) {
- u8 save = spi->mode;
- if (tmp)
- spi->mode |= SPI_LSB_FIRST;
- else
- spi->mode &= ~SPI_LSB_FIRST;
- retval = spi_setup(spi);
- if (retval < 0)
- spi->mode = save;
- else
- dev_dbg(&spi->dev, "%csb first\n",
- tmp ? 'l' : 'm');
- }
- break;
- case SPI_IOC_WR_BITS_PER_WORD:
- retval = __get_user(tmp, (__u8 __user *)arg);
- if (retval == 0) {
- u8 save = spi->bits_per_word;
- spi->bits_per_word = tmp;
- retval = spi_setup(spi);
- if (retval < 0)
- spi->bits_per_word = save;
- else
- dev_dbg(&spi->dev, "%d bits per word\n", tmp);
- }
- break;
- case SPI_IOC_WR_MAX_SPEED_HZ:
- retval = __get_user(tmp, (__u32 __user *)arg);
- if (retval == 0) {
- u32 save = spi->max_speed_hz;
- spi->max_speed_hz = tmp;
- retval = spi_setup(spi);
- if (retval < 0)
- spi->max_speed_hz = save;
- else
- dev_dbg(&spi->dev, "%d Hz (max)\n", tmp);
- }
- break;
- default:
- /* segmented and/or full-duplex I/O request */
- if (_IOC_NR(cmd) != _IOC_NR(SPI_IOC_MESSAGE(0))
- || _IOC_DIR(cmd) != _IOC_WRITE) {
- retval = -ENOTTY;
- break;
- }
- tmp = _IOC_SIZE(cmd);
- if ((tmp % sizeof(struct spi_ioc_transfer)) != 0) {
- retval = -EINVAL;
- break;
- }
- n_ioc = tmp / sizeof(struct spi_ioc_transfer);
- if (n_ioc == 0)
- break;
- /* copy into scratch area */
- ioc = kmalloc(tmp, GFP_KERNEL);
- if (!ioc) {
- retval = -ENOMEM;
- break;
- }
- if (__copy_from_user(ioc, (void __user *)arg, tmp)) {
- kfree(ioc);
- retval = -EFAULT;
- break;
- }
- /* translate to spi_message, execute */
- retval = spidev_message(spidev, ioc, n_ioc);
- kfree(ioc);
- break;
- }
- mutex_unlock(&spidev->buf_lock);
- spi_dev_put(spi);
- return retval;
- }