epoll
首先解释下为什么会有epoll,前面我们看了poll和select因为监听事件的增加会导致效率下降比较严重此时当处理大量IO时间时就需要一种效率比较高的处理模式,而epoll就是为了处理大批量句柄设计的IO多路复用模型。另外epoll适用于同一时间大量连接少量活跃的情况,其底层采用红黑树管理监听的描述符,双向链表管理活跃的描述符在红黑树中的指针,如果同一时间活跃的描述符特别多时会导致操作频繁。
epoll接口
int epoll_create(int size); //自从linux2.6.8之后,size参数是被忽略的,用完之后, 必须调用close()关闭.
int epoll_ctl(int epfd, int op, int fd, struct epoll_event *event);
int epoll_wait(int epfd, struct epoll_event * events, int maxevents, int timeout);
其中epoll_create是建立一个epoll对象(在epoll文件系统中为这个句柄对象分配资源),Linux下一切皆文件
epoll_ctl用于监听事件的添加删除和修改,通过op参数来控制.epfd为epoll_create返回的描述符, event是监听的事件,
op的取值如下:
EPOLL_CTL_ADD :注册新的fd到epfd中;
EPOLL_CTL_MOD :修改已经注册的fd的监听事件;
EPOLL_CTL_DEL :从epfd中删除一个fd
epoll_event结构:
struct epoll_event {
__u32 events;
__u64 data;
} EPOLL_PACKED;
events可以是以下几个宏的集合:
EPOLLIN : 表示对应的文件描述符可以读 (包括对端SOCKET正常关闭);
EPOLLOUT : 表示对应的文件描述符可以写;
EPOLLPRI : 表示对应的文件描述符有紧急的数据可读
EPOLLERR : 表示对应的文件描述符发生错误;
EPOLLHUP : 表示对应的文件描述符被挂断;
EPOLLET : 将EPOLL设为边缘触发(Edge Triggered)模式, 这是相对于水平触发(Level Triggered)来说的.
EPOLLONESHOT:只监听一次事件, 当监听完这次事件之后, 如果还需要继续监听这个socket的话, 需要再次把这个socket加入到EPOLL队列里。
epoll_wait用于接受监听到的事件, 参数timeout是超时时间 (毫秒,0会立立即返回,-1是永久阻塞)
关于水平触发和边缘触发,水平触发指的是的当变成一个状态后会一直触发知道状态改变,边缘触发是状态改变时触发,即在遇到到感兴趣事件后只触发一次。如客户端和服务器建立长连接,在边缘触发模式下,客户端发一次数据只会触发一次,水平触发模式下,如果缓存区有数据会一直触发。
客户端
#include <iostream>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define ERROR(message)\
do \
{ \
perror(message); \
exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \
}while(0)
int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
int sock_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
if(sock_fd < 0)
ERROR("socket error");
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_addr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));
server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
int ret = connect(sock_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));
if(ret < 0)
ERROR("connect error");
for(;;)
{
char buff[1024] = { 0 };
std::cin >> buff;
size_t size = write(sock_fd, buff, strlen(buff));
memset(buff, 0, 1024);
if(size < 0)
ERROR("write error");
size = read(sock_fd, buff, sizeof(buff) - 1);
if(size < 0)
ERROR("read error");
else if(size == 0)
{
std::cout << "对方关闭了连接"<<std::endl;
break;
}
std::cout << "server: " << buff << std::endl;
memset(buff, 0, 1024);
}
return 0;
}
LT(水平触发服务器)
#include <iostream>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <string>
#define ERROR(message) \
do \
{ \
perror(message); \
exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \
}while(0)
void ProcessConnect(int listen_fd, int epoll_fd);
void ProcessRequest(int client_fd, int epoll_fd);
int main()
{
int listen_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if(listen_fd < 0)
ERROR("socket error");
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_addr.sin_port = htons(9000);
server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
int opt_ = 1;
setsockopt(listen_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt_, sizeof(opt_));
if(bind(listen_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) < 0)
ERROR("bind error");
if(listen(listen_fd, 5) < 0)
ERROR("listen error");
int epoll_fd = epoll_create(10); //在epoll文件系统中添加
if(epoll_fd < 0)
ERROR("epoll_create error");
struct epoll_event event;
event.events = EPOLLIN;
event.data.fd = listen_fd;
if(epoll_ctl(epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, listen_fd, &event))
ERROR("epoll_ctl add error");
for(;;)
{
struct epoll_event events[10];
for(auto & e :events)
{
e.events = 0;
}
int size = epoll_wait(epoll_fd, events, sizeof(events)/sizeof(events[0]), -1);
if(size < 0){
perror("epoll_wait");
continue;
}
else if(size == 0){
std::cout << "epoll timeout" << std::endl;
continue;
}
//到此表示有事件触发
for(int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
{
if(!events[i].events){
continue;
}
if(events[i].data.fd == listen_fd){
std::cout << "client connect" <<std::endl;
ProcessConnect(listen_fd, epoll_fd);
}
else{
ProcessRequest(events[i].data.fd, epoll_fd);
}
}
}
return 0;
}
void ProcessConnect(int listen_fd, int epoll_fd)
{
struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
socklen_t socklen = sizeof(client_addr);
int client_fd = accept(listen_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, &socklen);
if(client_fd < 0)
ERROR("accept error");
struct epoll_event event;
event.events = EPOLLIN;
event.data.fd = client_fd;
if(epoll_ctl(epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, client_fd, &event))
ERROR("accept error");
}
void ProcessRequest(int client_fd, int epoll_fd)
{
char buff[1024] = { 0 };
size_t size = read(client_fd, buff, 1023);
if(size < 0){
perror("read error");
return;
}
if(size == 0){
close(client_fd);
epoll_ctl(epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, client_fd, NULL);
return;
}
std::cout << "client: " << buff << std::endl;
memset(buff, 0, 1024);
write(client_fd, "receive", 7);
}
ET(边缘触发)
#include <iostream>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <string>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define ERROR(message) \
do \
{ \
perror(message); \
exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \
}while(0)
void ProcessConnect(int listen_fd, int epoll_fd);
void ProcessRequest(int client_fd, int epoll_fd);
int main()
{
int listen_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if(listen_fd < 0)
ERROR("socket error");
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_addr.sin_port = htons(9000);
server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
int opt_ = 1;
setsockopt(listen_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt_, sizeof(opt_));
if(bind(listen_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) < 0)
ERROR("bind error");
if(listen(listen_fd, 5) < 0)
ERROR("listen error");
int epoll_fd = epoll_create(10); //在epoll文件系统中添加
if(epoll_fd < 0)
ERROR("epoll_create error");
struct epoll_event event;
event.events = EPOLLIN;
event.data.fd = listen_fd;
if(epoll_ctl(epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, listen_fd, &event))
ERROR("epoll_ctl add error");
for(;;)
{
struct epoll_event events[10];
for(auto & e :events)
{
e.events = 0;
}
int size = epoll_wait(epoll_fd, events, sizeof(events)/sizeof(events[0]), -1);
if(size < 0){
perror("epoll_wait");
continue;
}
else if(size == 0){
std::cout << "epoll timeout" << std::endl;
continue;
}
//到此表示有事件触发
for(int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
{
if(!events[i].events){
continue;
}
if(events[i].data.fd == listen_fd){
std::cout << "client connect" <<std::endl;
ProcessConnect(listen_fd, epoll_fd);
}
else{
ProcessRequest(events[i].data.fd, epoll_fd);
}
}
}
return 0;
}
static void SetNoBlock(int fd)
{
int fl = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
if(fl < 0){
ERROR("fcntl");
}
fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, fl | O_NONBLOCK);
}
static int NoBlockRead(int client_fd, char * buff, size_t size)
{
int read_size = 0;
for(;;)
{
int cur_size = read(client_fd, buff + read_size, 1);
read_size += cur_size;
if(cur_size < 0 && errno == EAGAIN){
break;
}
if(read_size > size){
perror("read more than size");
return -1;
}
}
return read_size + 1;
}
void ProcessConnect(int listen_fd, int epoll_fd)
{
struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
socklen_t socklen = sizeof(client_addr);
int client_fd = accept(listen_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, &socklen);
if(client_fd < 0)
ERROR("accept error");
SetNoBlock(client_fd);
struct epoll_event event;
event.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
event.data.fd = client_fd;
if(epoll_ctl(epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, client_fd, &event))
ERROR("accept error");
}
void ProcessRequest(int client_fd, int epoll_fd)
{
char buff[1024] = { 0 };
size_t size = NoBlockRead(client_fd, buff, sizeof(buff) - 1);
if(size < 0){
perror("read error");
return;
}
if(size == 0){
close(client_fd);
epoll_ctl(epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, client_fd, NULL);
return;
}
std::cout << "client: " << buff << std::endl;
memset(buff, 0, 1024);
write(client_fd, "receive", 7);
}