消息队列——RabbitMQ与Springboot的简单使用

一、RabbitMQ的配置搭建

请参考 消息队列——RabbitMQ在Centos的基本搭建

二、测试demo使用

1.创建一个Springboot项目 hello-rabbit，并加上RabbitMQ依赖，pom.xml如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.basic</groupId>
	<artifactId>hello-rabbit</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<packaging>jar</packaging>

	<name>hello-rabbit</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<properties>
		<project.builde.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.builde.sourceEncoding>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>
</project>

2.新建一个包名config，并新增配置类RabbitConfiguration，配置队列名：TestRabbitMQ

package com.basic.hellorabbit.config;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
* @Description:    队列配置
* @Author:         Joe
* @CreateDate:     2020/3/11 23:49
*/

@Configuration
public class RabbitConfiguration {

    //队列名称:TestRabbitMQ
    @Bean
    public Queue queue(){
        return new Queue("TestRabbitMQ");
    }
}

3.主目录下新建一个消息生产者的类RabbitProvider，且将消息发送到指定的队列：TestRabbitMQ

package com.basic.hellorabbit;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Date;

/**
* @Description:    消息生产者/提供者
* @Author:         Joe
* @CreateDate:     2020/3/11 23:50
*/
@Component
public class RabbitProvider {

    @Autowired
    private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;

    public void send(){
        String content = "你好！"+ new Date();
        System.out.println("生产者:" + content);
        amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("TestRabbitMQ",content);
    }
}

4.修改application.yml里对RabbitMQ的服务配置，注意：yml文件的冒号后空格，且此处的RabbitMQ使用的默认client端通信口5672

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: ip地址
    port: 5672
    username: guest
    password: guest

5.在test之下写一个测试类

package com.basic.hellorabbit;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;


@SpringBootTest(classes = HelloRabbitApplication.class)
class HelloRabbitApplicationTests {

	@Autowired
	private RabbitProvider rabbitProvider;

	/**
	 * 测试发送20条数据
	 */
	@Test
	void contextLoads() {
		for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
			rabbitProvider.send();
		}
	}

}

6.测试前队列界面如图

7.运行完测试类控制台信息及队列界面如图，可见消息已经加入到队列TestRabbitMQ，且为20条


8.主目录下新建一个消息消费者的类RabbitConsumer，指定消费TestRabbitMQ队列消息

package com.basic.hellorabbit;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
* @Description:    消费者
* @Author:         Joe
* @CreateDate:     2020/3/12 17:08
*/
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "TestRabbitMQ") //监听、订阅、消费该队列
public class RabbitConsumer {

    @RabbitHandler
    public void subscribe(String content){
        System.out.println("消费者:"+content);
    }
}

9.启动类HelloRabbitApplication启动，控制台信息及界面如图，队列TestRabbitMQ中的20条消息已经订阅完

10.熟悉这些可以方便我们尽快入手使用，在项目中尽快用起来

1.日志统计：异步统计网站的流量uv，pv，处理数据，日志收集等
2.异步处理：网站用户注册信息成功，购买成功等发送提示短信或者邮件等
3.应用解耦：分布式系统中的订单系统，订单和库存交给队列等
4.流量削峰：秒杀系统等
……