python - Theano: Initialisation of device gpu failed! Reason=CNMEM_STATUS_OUT_OF_MEMORY

如果出现以下报错信息：
ERROR (theano.sandbox.cuda): ERROR: Not using GPU. Initialisation of device gpu failed

Using Theano backend.
ERROR (theano.sandbox.cuda): ERROR: Not using GPU. Initialisation of device gpu failed:
initCnmem: cnmemInit call failed! Reason=CNMEM_STATUS_OUT_OF_MEMORY. numdev=1

/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Theano-0.8.0rc1-py2.7.egg/theano/tensor/signal/downsample.py:6: UserWarning: downsample module has been moved to the theano.tensor.signal.pool module.
  "downsample module has been moved to the theano.tensor.signal.pool module.")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "kaggle_otto_nn.py", line 28, in <module>
    from keras.models import Sequential
  File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/keras/models.py", line 15, in <module>
  File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/keras/backend/__init__.py", line 46, in <module>
  File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/keras/backend/theano_backend.py", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Theano-0.8.0rc1-py2.7.egg/theano/__init__.py", line 111, in <module>
    theano.sandbox.cuda.tests.test_driver.test_nvidia_driver1()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Theano-0.8.0rc1-py2.7.egg/theano/sandbox/cuda/tests/test_driver.py", line 38, in test_nvidia_driver1
    if not numpy.allclose(f(), a.sum()):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Theano-0.8.0rc1-py2.7.egg/theano/compile/function_module.py", line 871, in __call__
    storage_map=getattr(self.fn, 'storage_map', None))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Theano-0.8.0rc1-py2.7.egg/theano/gof/link.py", line 314, in raise_with_op
    reraise(exc_type, exc_value, exc_trace)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Theano-0.8.0rc1-py2.7.egg/theano/compile/function_module.py", line 859, in __call__
    outputs = self.fn()
RuntimeError: Cuda error: kernel_reduce_ccontig_node_97496c4d3cf9a06dc4082cc141f918d2_0: out of memory. (grid: 1 x 1; block: 256 x 1 x 1)

Apply node that caused the error: GpuCAReduce{add}{1}(<CudaNdarrayType(float32, vector)>)
Toposort index: 0
Inputs types: [CudaNdarrayType(float32, vector)]
Inputs shapes: [(10000,)]
Inputs strides: [(1,)]
Inputs values: ['not shown']
Outputs clients: [[HostFromGpu(GpuCAReduce{add}{1}.0)]]

HINT: Re-running with most Theano optimization disabled could give you a back-trace of when this node was created. This can be done with by setting the Theano flag 'optimizer=fast_compile'. If that does not work, Theano optimizations can be disabled with 'optimizer=None'.

解决方式：
修改 .theanorc.txt 文件

[lib]
cnmem = 1

注意这里设置的数字：
0：未启用；
0 < n＝1：使用总GPU内存中的这一部分；
n > 1：使用这个数字以兆字节（MB）的内存。

参考资料：
1、 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/36099918/theano-initialisation-of-device-gpu-failed-reason-cnmem-status-out-of-memory 2017.8.11
2、 http://www.itkeyword.com/doc/1585463809576561656/theano-initialisation-of-device-gpu-failed-reason-cnmem-status-out-of-memory 2017.8.11