Android P系统时间更新分析
Android系统时间更新有两种方式：NITZ时间和NTP时间，NITZ由运营商提供，通过sim卡更新时间，NTP为通过网络，访问服务器获取时间，这里主要介绍NTP的方式
1、Android原生框架图
从上面框架图可以看出：其实网络时间更新最终是走到kernel驱动的，最终会调用到板子上的RTC芯片来更新时间。
2、代码位置
frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/SystemServer.java
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/NetworkTimeUpdateService.java
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/AlarmManagerService.java
frameworks/base/services/core/jni/com_android_server_AlarmManagerService.cpp
frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/SystemClock.java
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/IAlarmManager.aidl
frameworks/base/core/jni/android_os_SystemClock.cpp
frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit.java
代码主要集中在framework层，framework层的services和jni
3、类图调用
4、代码具体实现
4.1、 开机启动NetworkTimeUpdateService
开机就会启动NetworkTimeUpdateService和AlarmManagerService
NetworkTimeUpdateService作为Android系统服务，在SystemServer中启动
private void startOtherServices() {
......
NetworkTimeUpdateService networkTimeUpdater = null;
if (!disableNetwork && !disableNetworkTime) {
traceBeginAndSlog("StartNetworkTimeUpdateService");
try {
networkTimeUpdater = new NetworkTimeUpdateService(context);
ServiceManager.addService("network_time_update_service", networkTimeUpdater);
} catch (Throwable e) {
reportWtf("starting NetworkTimeUpdate service", e);
}
traceEnd();
}
......
final NetworkTimeUpdateService networkTimeUpdaterF = networkTimeUpdater;
......
try {
if (networkTimeUpdaterF != null) networkTimeUpdaterF.systemRunning();
} catch (Throwable e) {
reportWtf("Notifying NetworkTimeService running", e);
}
......
}
SystemServer中创建了NetworkTimeUpdateService，并注册到ServiceManager以供client端调用，接着调用NetworkTimeUpdateService的systemRunning方法
4.2、NetworkTimeUpdateService
先看看NetworkTimeUpdateService做了些什么？
NetworkTimeUpdateService构造函数中初始化了各种值:
public NetworkTimeUpdateService(Context context) {
mContext = context;
//获取NtpTrustedTime实例
mTime = NtpTrustedTime.getInstance(context);
//创建AlarmManager
mAlarmManager = (AlarmManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE);
//创建PendingPollIntent以供后面AlarmManager定时设置
Intent pollIntent = new Intent(ACTION_POLL, null);
mPendingPollIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(mContext, POLL_REQUEST, pollIntent, 0);
//mPollingIntervalMs代表请求ntp服务器的频率
//从config配置文件读取，86400000ms，就是一天
mPollingIntervalMs = mContext.getResources().getInteger(
com.android.internal.R.integer.config_ntpPollingInterval);
//mPollingIntervalShorterMs代表请求ntp服务器失败后再次
//请求的时间间隔，为60000ms，就是1分钟
mPollingIntervalShorterMs = mContext.getResources().getInteger(
com.android.internal.R.integer.config_ntpPollingIntervalShorter);
//mTryAgainTimesMax 代表请求ntp服务器失败后再次尝试的
//最大次数，为3次
mTryAgainTimesMax = mContext.getResources().getInteger(
com.android.internal.R.integer.config_ntpRetry);
//mTimeErrorThresholdMs代表请求ntp服务器得到的时间
//和当前时间差大于此阈值，则更新时间。
mTimeErrorThresholdMs = mContext.getResources().getInteger(
com.android.internal.R.integer.config_ntpThreshold);
mWakeLock = ((PowerManager) context.getSystemService(Context.POWER_SERVICE)).newWakeLock(
PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK, TAG);
}
NtpTrustedTime
NtpTrustedTime通过单例获取，主要看下ntp服务器
public static synchronized NtpTrustedTime getInstance(Context context) {
if (sSingleton == null) {
final Resources res = context.getResources();
final ContentResolver resolver = context.getContentResolver();
//默认ntp服务器，从配置文件读取，time.android.com
//这是google的服务器，国内用户如果请求这个服务器可能无法更新时间
final String defaultServer = res.getString(
com.android.internal.R.string.config_ntpServer);
//timeout为5s
final long defaultTimeout = res.getInteger(
com.android.internal.R.integer.config_ntpTimeout);
final String secureServer = Settings.Global.getString(
resolver, Settings.Global.NTP_SERVER);
final long timeout = Settings.Global.getLong(
resolver, Settings.Global.NTP_TIMEOUT, defaultTimeout);
//默认都会使用配置文件中配置的ntp服务器
final String server = secureServer != null ? secureServer : defaultServer;
sSingleton = new NtpTrustedTime(server, timeout);
sContext = context;
}
return sSingleton;
}
4.3、systemRunning方法
接着看NetworkTimeUpdateService初始化完成后调用了systemRunning方法
public void systemRunning() {
//注册telephony的广播
registerForTelephonyIntents();
//注册Alarm发送的广播
registerForAlarms();
//注册网络改变的广播
registerForConnectivityIntents();
HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread(TAG);
thread.start();
mHandler = new MyHandler(thread.getLooper());
//发送EVENT_POLL_NETWORK_TIME消息
mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_POLL_NETWORK_TIME).sendToTarget();
/*
创建SettingsObserver，监听Settings中AUTO_TIME
值的变化
*/
mSettingsObserver = new SettingsObserver(mHandler, EVENT_AUTO_TIME_CHANGED);
mSettingsObserver.observe(mContext);
}
/*
TelephonyIntents.ACTION_NETWORK_SET_TIME 和
TelephonyIntents.ACTION_NETWORK_SET_TIMEZONE 广播来监听来自运营商
的时间改变
*/
private void registerForTelephonyIntents() {
IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
intentFilter.addAction(TelephonyIntents.ACTION_NETWORK_SET_TIME);
intentFilter.addAction(TelephonyIntents.ACTION_NETWORK_SET_TIMEZONE);
mContext.registerReceiver(mNitzReceiver, intentFilter);
}
/*
注册自定义的广播，ACTION_POLL由Alarm定时器来发送，
在NetworkTimeUpdateService构造方法中创建了mPendingPollIntent
供Alarm发送
*/
private static final String ACTION_POLL =
"com.android.server.NetworkTimeUpdateService.action.POLL";
private void registerForAlarms() {
mContext.registerReceiver(
new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_POLL_NETWORK_TIME).sendToTarget();
}
}, new IntentFilter(ACTION_POLL));
}
/*
监听网络发生变化的广播
*/
private void registerForConnectivityIntents() {
IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
intentFilter.addAction(ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION);
mContext.registerReceiver(mConnectivityReceiver, intentFilter);
}
SettingsObserver
private static class SettingsObserver extends ContentObserver {
private int mMsg;
private Handler mHandler;
SettingsObserver(Handler handler, int msg) {
super(handler);
mHandler = handler;
mMsg = msg;
}
void observe(Context context) {
ContentResolver resolver = context.getContentResolver();
//监听AUTO_TIME的值，也就是Settings中自动更新网络时间的开关
resolver.registerContentObserver(Settings.Global.getUriFor(Settings.Global.AUTO_TIME),
false, this);
}
@Override
public void onChange(boolean selfChange) {
//当AUTO_TIME变化时发送EVENT_POLL_NETWORK_TIME消息？？？？
//不是发送的 EVENT_AUTO_TIME_CHANGED 吗？？？？？
mHandler.obtainMessage(mMsg).sendToTarget();
}
}
再看一下mHandler，其实下面三个消息都会触发请求ntp服务器的方法，下面来挨着看下这三个消息的发送条件
private static final int EVENT_AUTO_TIME_CHANGED = 1;
private static final int EVENT_POLL_NETWORK_TIME = 2;
private static final int EVENT_NETWORK_CHANGED = 3;
private class MyHandler extends Handler {
public MyHandler(Looper l) {
super(l);
}
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case EVENT_AUTO_TIME_CHANGED:
case EVENT_POLL_NETWORK_TIME:
case EVENT_NETWORK_CHANGED:
onPollNetworkTime(msg.what);
break;
}
}
}
EVENT_AUTO_TIME_CHANGED
这个就是在SettingsObserver的onChange方法里发送的，当我们更新Settings中的AUTO_TIME开关打开就会触发
EVENT_POLL_NETWORK_TIME
Alarms发送广播：“com.android.server.NetworkTimeUpdateService.action.POLL”;触发
EVENT_NETWORK_CHANGED
监听到网络发生变化之后发送的
4.4、onPollNetworkTime
private void onPollNetworkTime(int event) {
// 如果没有开启自动更新时间直接return
if (!isAutomaticTimeRequested()) return;
mWakeLock.acquire();
try {
onPollNetworkTimeUnderWakeLock(event);
} finally {
mWakeLock.release();
}
}
onPollNetworkTimeUnderWakeLock
private void onPollNetworkTimeUnderWakeLock(int event) {
//从开机到现在的时间
final long refTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
//如果已经通过运营商更新了时间并且上次更新的时间到当前为止
//小于1天则设置一个Alarm定时器（定时器为1天后触发）并且return
if (mNitzTimeSetTime != NOT_SET && refTime - mNitzTimeSetTime < mPollingIntervalMs) {
resetAlarm(mPollingIntervalMs);
return;
}
final long currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
// 如果没有设置过ntp时间或者开机但现在的时间大于等于最后一次请求ntp
//服务器加上1天的时间或者时因为Settings的自动更新开关触发的更新时间
if (mLastNtpFetchTime == NOT_SET || refTime >= mLastNtpFetchTime + mPollingIntervalMs
|| event == EVENT_AUTO_TIME_CHANGED) {
if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Before Ntp fetch");
// mTime.getCacheAge等于上次请求ntp服务器的时间
//如果大于等于1天则强制更新时间
if (mTime.getCacheAge() >= mPollingIntervalMs) {
mTime.forceRefresh();
}
// 如果上次请求ntp服务器的时间小于1天
if (mTime.getCacheAge() < mPollingIntervalMs) {
final long ntp = mTime.currentTimeMillis();
mTryAgainCounter = 0;
// If the clock is more than N seconds off or this is the first time it's been
// fetched since boot, set the current time.
if (Math.abs(ntp - currentTime) > mTimeErrorThresholdMs
|| mLastNtpFetchTime == NOT_SET) {
// Set the system time
if (DBG && mLastNtpFetchTime == NOT_SET
&& Math.abs(ntp - currentTime) <= mTimeErrorThresholdMs) {
Log.d(TAG, "For initial setup, rtc = " + currentTime);
}
if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Ntp time to be set = " + ntp);
// Make sure we don't overflow, since it's going to be converted to an int
if (ntp / 1000 < Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
SystemClock.setCurrentTimeMillis(ntp);
}
} else {
if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Ntp time is close enough = " + ntp);
}
mLastNtpFetchTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
} else {
//如果上次请求ntp服务器的时间已经大于1天了
mTryAgainCounter++;
//最多尝试次数为mTryAgainTimesMax，3次
if (mTryAgainTimesMax < 0 || mTryAgainCounter <= mTryAgainTimesMax) {
//尝试请求ntp服务器的时间间隔为mPollingIntervalShorterMs，1分钟
resetAlarm(mPollingIntervalShorterMs);
} else {
// 如果三次请求之后则需要在1天之后再请求ntp服务器
mTryAgainCounter = 0;
resetAlarm(mPollingIntervalMs);
}
return;
}
}
//保证无论如何都可以设置一个1天后请求ntp服务器的定时器
resetAlarm(mPollingIntervalMs);
}
private void resetAlarm(long interval) {
mAlarmManager.cancel(mPendingPollIntent);
long now = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
long next = now + interval;
//在next时间之后执行mPendingPollIntent，mPendingPollIntent在
//NetworkTimeUpdateService构造方法中初始化，作用时发送
//自定义的ACTION_POLL广播
mAlarmManager.set(AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME, next, mPendingPollIntent);
}
4.5、mTime.forceRefresh()
NtpTrustedTime中的forceRefresh方法强制刷新时间
@Override
public boolean forceRefresh() {
//如果ntp服务器为空则返回
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(mServer)) {
// missing server, so no trusted time available
return false;
}
synchronized (this) {
if (mCM == null) {
mCM = (ConnectivityManager) sContext.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
}
}
final NetworkInfo ni = mCM == null ? null : mCM.getActiveNetworkInfo();
if (ni == null || !ni.isConnected()) {
if (LOGD) Log.d(TAG, "forceRefresh: no connectivity");
return false;
}
if (LOGD) Log.d(TAG, "forceRefresh() from cache miss");
final SntpClient client = new SntpClient();
//请求mServer，也就是time.android.com，5s超时
if (client.requestTime(mServer, (int) mTimeout)) {
mHasCache = true;
//请求成功之后获取的ntp时间
mCachedNtpTime = client.getNtpTime();
mCachedNtpElapsedRealtime = client.getNtpTimeReference();
mCachedNtpCertainty = client.getRoundTripTime() / 2;
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
请求完成之后获取的时间如何更新呢，回到NetworkTimeUpdateService，
mCachedNtpTime = client.getNtpTime();
private void onPollNetworkTimeUnderWakeLock(int event) {
......
if (mTime.getCacheAge() >= mPollingIntervalMs) {
mTime.forceRefresh();
}
//强制刷新时间之后
if (mTime.getCacheAge() < mPollingIntervalMs) {
//ntp请求服务器之后获取的时间
final long ntp = mTime.currentTimeMillis();
mTryAgainCounter = 0;
if (Math.abs(ntp - currentTime) > mTimeErrorThresholdMs
|| mLastNtpFetchTime == NOT_SET) {
// Set the system time
if (DBG && mLastNtpFetchTime == NOT_SET
&& Math.abs(ntp - currentTime) <= mTimeErrorThresholdMs) {
//保证获取的网络时间不会超过最大值
if (ntp / 1000 < Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
//设置ntp时间到系统中
SystemClock.setCurrentTimeMillis(ntp);
}
} else {
if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Ntp time is close enough = " + ntp);
}
mLastNtpFetchTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
}
......
}
4.6、SystemClock.setCurrentTimeMillis(ntp)
public static boolean setCurrentTimeMillis(long millis) {
final IAlarmManager mgr = IAlarmManager.Stub
.asInterface(ServiceManager.getService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE));
if (mgr == null) {
return false;
}
try {
return mgr.setTime(millis);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
Slog.e(TAG, "Unable to set RTC", e);
} catch (SecurityException e) {
Slog.e(TAG, "Unable to set RTC", e);
}
return false;
}
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/IAlarmManager.aidl
/* //device/java/android/android/app/IAlarmManager.aidl
**
** Copyright 2006, The Android Open Source Project
**
** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
** You may obtain a copy of the License at
**
** http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
**
** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
** limitations under the License.
*/
package android.app;
import android.app.AlarmManager;
import android.app.IAlarmListener;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.WorkSource;
/**
* System private API for talking with the alarm manager service.
*
* {@hide}
*/
interface IAlarmManager {
/** windowLength == 0 means exact; windowLength < 0 means the let the OS decide */
void set(String callingPackage, int type, long triggerAtTime, long windowLength,
long interval, int flags, in PendingIntent operation, in IAlarmListener listener,
String listenerTag, in WorkSource workSource, in AlarmManager.AlarmClockInfo alarmClock);
boolean setTime(long millis);
void setTimeZone(String zone);
void remove(in PendingIntent operation, in IAlarmListener listener);
long getNextWakeFromIdleTime();
AlarmManager.AlarmClockInfo getNextAlarmClock(int userId);
long currentNetworkTimeMillis();
}
framework/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/AlarmManagerService.java
final IAlarmManager mgr = IAlarmManager.Stub
.asInterface(ServiceManager.getService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE));
public boolean setTime(long millis) {
getContext().enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
"android.permission.SET_TIME",
"setTime");
return setTimeImpl(millis);
}
boolean setTimeImpl(long millis) {
if (mNativeData == 0) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Not setting time since no alarm driver is available.");
return false;
}
synchronized (mLock) {
return setKernelTime(mNativeData, millis) == 0;
}
}
getSystemService()返回的不再是IAlarmManager接口，而是AlarmManager对象。
Framework/base/services/core/jni/com_android_server_AlarmManagerService.cpp
static jint android_server_AlarmManagerService_setKernelTime(JNIEnv*, jobject, jlong nativeData, jlong millis)
{
AlarmImpl *impl = reinterpret_cast<AlarmImpl *>(nativeData);
struct timeval tv;
int ret;
if (millis <= 0 || millis / 1000LL >= INT_MAX) {
return -1;
}
tv.tv_sec = (time_t) (millis / 1000LL);
tv.tv_usec = (suseconds_t) ((millis % 1000LL) * 1000LL);
ALOGD("Setting time of day to sec=%d\n", (int) tv.tv_sec);
ret = impl->setTime(&tv);
if(ret < 0) {
ALOGW("Unable to set rtc to %ld: %s\n", tv.tv_sec, strerror(errno));
ret = -1;
}
return ret;
}
AlarmImpl::setTime函数实现
int AlarmImpl::setTime(struct timeval *tv)
{
struct rtc_time rtc;
struct tm tm, *gmtime_res;
int fd;
int res;
res = settimeofday(tv, NULL);
if (res < 0) {
ALOGV("settimeofday() failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
if (rtc_id < 0) {
ALOGV("Not setting RTC because wall clock RTC was not found");
errno = ENODEV;
return -1;
}
android::String8 rtc_dev = String8::format("/dev/rtc%d", rtc_id);
fd = open(rtc_dev.string(), O_RDWR);
if (fd < 0) {
ALOGV("Unable to open %s: %s\n", rtc_dev.string(), strerror(errno));
return res;
}
gmtime_res = gmtime_r(&tv->tv_sec, &tm);
if (!gmtime_res) {
ALOGV("gmtime_r() failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
res = -1;
goto done;
}
memset(&rtc, 0, sizeof(rtc));
rtc.tm_sec = tm.tm_sec;
rtc.tm_min = tm.tm_min;
rtc.tm_hour = tm.tm_hour;
rtc.tm_mday = tm.tm_mday;
rtc.tm_mon = tm.tm_mon;
rtc.tm_year = tm.tm_year;
rtc.tm_wday = tm.tm_wday;
rtc.tm_yday = tm.tm_yday;
rtc.tm_isdst = tm.tm_isdst;
res = ioctl(fd, RTC_SET_TIME, &rtc);
if (res < 0)
ALOGV("RTC_SET_TIME ioctl failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
done:
close(fd);
return res;
}
调用res = settimeofday(tv, NULL);函数来设置系统时间
调用res = ioctl(fd, RTC_SET_TIME, &rtc);将时钟设置到RTC设备节点
最终将时间写到/dev/rtc*文件。
5、参考
RTC是什么？请参考： https://tech.hqew.com/fangan_1991867
746
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
