MongoDB基本操作【增、删、改、查】

最新推荐文章于 2023-07-13 16:23:21 发布
最新推荐文章于 2023-07-13 16:23:21 发布
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/JohnnyG2000/article/details/125091264
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MongoDB基本操作【增、删、改、查】

1、库（database）操作

以下实例我们创建了数据库 db1:
> use db1
switched to db db1
> db
db1
 
如果你想查看所有数据库，可以使用 show dbs 命令:
> show dbs
admin   0.000GB
config  0.000GB
local   0.000GB

可以看到，我们刚创建的数据库 db1 并不在数据库的列表中，要显示它，我们需要向 db1 数据库插入一些数据:
> db.db1.insert({_id:1,test:"hello MongoDB"})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> show dbs
admin   0.000GB
config  0.000GB
db1     0.000GB
local   0.000GB

以下实例我们删除了数据库 db1:
> db.dropDatabase()
{ "dropped" : "db1", "ok" : 1 }

可以看到数据库 db1 已经不存在了:
> show dbs
admin   0.000GB
config  0.000GB
local   0.000GB

2、集合（collection）操作

创建数据库 test 为后续测试做准备:
> use test
switched to db test
> db
test
> db.createCollection("student")
{ "ok" : 1 }

以下实例我们创建了集合 student:
> db.createCollection("student")
{ "ok" : 1 }

如果你想查看该库的所有集合，可以使用 db.getCollectionNames() 命令:
> db.getCollectionNames()
[ "student" ]

获取指定名称的聚集集合（table）【个人感觉没有实际意义（集合可以不存在）】:
> db.getCollection("student")
test.student
> db.getCollection("t1")
test.t1
//可以看到上方“t1”这个集合实际不存在，但仍然可以返回聚集集合

显示当前db所有聚集索引的状态
> db.printCollectionStats()

其它

查询之前的错误信息
db.getPrevError();

清除错误记录
db.resetError();

查看帮助
db.collectionName.help()

查询当前集合的数据条数
db.collectionName.count()

查看数据空间大小
db.collectionName.dataSize()

得到当前聚集集合所在的db
db.collectionName.getDB()

得到当前聚集的状态
db.collectionName.stats()
 
得到聚集集合总大小
db.collectionName.totalSize()

聚集集合储存空间大小
db.collectionName.storageSize()
 
Shard版本信息
db.collectionName.getShardVersion()

聚集集合重命名
db.collectionName.renameCollection("newCollectionName")

删除当前聚集集合
db.collectionName.drop()

3、文档（documen）操作

1）插入（增添）操作

以下实例我们在 db1.student 集合中插入一个文档:
方法一：
> db.student.insert({id:1,name:"张三",gender:"男",age:18})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

方法二：
> db.student.save({id:2,name:"李四",gender:"男",age:19})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

方法三：
> db.student.insertOne({id:3,name:"王五",gender:"男",age:18})
{
	"acknowledged" : true,
	"insertedId" : ObjectId("62986a0622e54ae6c619dde6")
}

以下实例我们在 db1.student 集合中插入多个文档:
> db.student.insertMany(
... [
... {id:4,name:"赵六",gender:"女",age:21},
... {id:5,name:"钱七",gender:"女",age:20}
... ]
... )
{
	"acknowledged" : true,
	"insertedIds" : [
		ObjectId("62986bbe22e54ae6c619dde8"),
		ObjectId("62986bbe22e54ae6c619dde9")
	]
}

以下实例我们在 db1.student 集合中插入多个多维文档:
> db.student.insertMany(
... [
... {id:8,name:"孙八",gender:"男",age:19,address:{province:"guangdong",city:"guangzhou"}},
... {id:9,name:"侯九",gender:"女",age:22,address:{province:"guangxi",city:"guilin"}},
... {id:10,name:"熊十",gender:"女",age:18,address:{province:"fujian",city:"xiamen"}}
... ]
... )
{
	"acknowledged" : true,
	"insertedIds" : [
		ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddea"),
		ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddeb"),
		ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddec")
	]
}

以下实例我们在 db1.student 集合中插入多个多维数组文档:
> db.student.insertMany(
... [
... {id:11,name:"吴京",gender:"男",age:43,address:{province:"beijing",city:"beijing"},hobby:["mil","fight","sing"]},
... {id:12,name:"杨幂",gender:"女",age:31,address:{province:"hongkong",city:"hongkong"},hobby:["dance","shopping","sing"]},
... {id:13,name:"黄渤",gender:"男",age:45,address:{province:"shandong",city:"qingdao"},hobby:["dance","game","sing"]}
... ]
... )
{
	"acknowledged" : true,
	"insertedIds" : [
		ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619dded"),
		ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619ddee"),
		ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619ddef")
	]
}

2）查询操作

查询所有文档：
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6298694722e54ae6c619dde4"), "id" : 1, "name" : "张三", "gender" : "男", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("629869de22e54ae6c619dde5"), "id" : 2, "name" : "李四", "gender" : "男", "age" : 19 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986a0622e54ae6c619dde6"), "id" : 3, "name" : "王五", "gender" : "男", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986bbe22e54ae6c619dde8"), "id" : 4, "name" : "赵六", "gender" : "女", "age" : 21 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986bbe22e54ae6c619dde9"), "id" : 5, "name" : "钱七", "gender" : "女", "age" : 20 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddea"), "id" : 6, "name" : "孙八", "gender" : "男", "age" : 19, "address" : { "province" : "guangdong", "city" : "guangzhou" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddeb"), "id" : 7, "name" : "侯九", "gender" : "女", "age" : 22, "address" : { "province" : "guangxi", "city" : "guilin" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddec"), "id" : 8, "name" : "熊十", "gender" : "女", "age" : 18, "address" : { "province" : "fujian", "city" : "xiamen" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619dded"), "id" : 9, "name" : "吴京", "gender" : "男", "age" : 43, "address" : { "province" : "beijing", "city" : "beijing" }, "hobby" : [ "mil", "fight", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619ddee"), "id" : 10, "name" : "杨幂", "gender" : "女", "age" : 31, "address" : { "province" : "hongkong", "city" : "hongkong" }, "hobby" : [ "dance", "shopping", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619ddef"), "id" : 11, "name" : "黄渤", "gender" : "男", "age" : 45, "address" : { "province" : "shandong", "city" : "qingdao" }, "hobby" : [ "dance", "game", "sing" ] }

查询所有文档（美化后）：
> db.student.find().pretty()
{
	"_id" : ObjectId("6298694722e54ae6c619dde4"),
	"id" : 1,
	"name" : "张三",
	"gender" : "男",
	"age" : 18
}
{
	"_id" : ObjectId("629869de22e54ae6c619dde5"),
	"id" : 2,
	"name" : "李四",
	"gender" : "男",
	"age" : 19
}
{
	"_id" : ObjectId("62986a0622e54ae6c619dde6"),
	"id" : 3,
	"name" : "王五",
	"gender" : "男",
	"age" : 18
}
{
	"_id" : ObjectId("62986bbe22e54ae6c619dde8"),
	"id" : 4,
	"name" : "赵六",
	"gender" : "女",
	"age" : 21
}
{
	"_id" : ObjectId("62986bbe22e54ae6c619dde9"),
	"id" : 5,
	"name" : "钱七",
	"gender" : "女",
	"age" : 20
}
{
	"_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddea"),
	"id" : 6,
	"name" : "孙八",
	"gender" : "男",
	"age" : 19,
	"address" : {
		"province" : "guangdong",
		"city" : "guangzhou"
	}
}
{
	"_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddeb"),
	"id" : 7,
	"name" : "侯九",
	"gender" : "女",
	"age" : 22,
	"address" : {
		"province" : "guangxi",
		"city" : "guilin"
	}
}
{
	"_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddec"),
	"id" : 8,
	"name" : "熊十",
	"gender" : "女",
	"age" : 18,
	"address" : {
		"province" : "fujian",
		"city" : "xiamen"
	}
}
{
	"_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619dded"),
	"id" : 9,
	"name" : "吴京",
	"gender" : "男",
	"age" : 43,
	"address" : {
		"province" : "beijing",
		"city" : "beijing"
	},
	"hobby" : [
		"mil",
		"fight",
		"sing"
	]
}
{
	"_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619ddee"),
	"id" : 10,
	"name" : "杨幂",
	"gender" : "女",
	"age" : 31,
	"address" : {
		"province" : "hongkong",
		"city" : "hongkong"
	},
	"hobby" : [
		"dance",
		"shopping",
		"sing"
	]
}
{
	"_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619ddef"),
	"id" : 11,
	"name" : "黄渤",
	"gender" : "男",
	"age" : 45,
	"address" : {
		"province" : "shandong",
		"city" : "qingdao"
	},
	"hobby" : [
		"dance",
		"game",
		"sing"
	]
}

查询一个文档（支持指定）：
> db.student.findOne()
{
	"_id" : ObjectId("6298694722e54ae6c619dde4"),
	"id" : 1,
	"name" : "张三",
	"gender" : "男",
	"age" : 18
}
> db.student.findOne({id:5})
{
	"_id" : ObjectId("62986bbe22e54ae6c619dde9"),
	"id" : 5,
	"name" : "钱七",
	"gender" : "女",
	"age" : 20
}

> db.student.find({id:3})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986a0622e54ae6c619dde6"), "id" : 3, "name" : "王五", "gender" : "男", "age" : 18 }

查询全部文档：
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6298694722e54ae6c619dde4"), "id" : 1, "name" : "张三", "gender" : "男", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("629869de22e54ae6c619dde5"), "id" : 2, "name" : "李四", "gender" : "男", "age" : 19 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986a0622e54ae6c619dde6"), "id" : 3, "name" : "王五", "gender" : "男", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986bbe22e54ae6c619dde8"), "id" : 4, "name" : "赵六", "gender" : "女", "age" : 21 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986bbe22e54ae6c619dde9"), "id" : 5, "name" : "钱七", "gender" : "女", "age" : 20 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddea"), "id" : 8, "name" : "孙八", "gender" : "男", "age" : 19, "address" : { "province" : "guangdong", "city" : "guangzhou" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddeb"), "id" : 9, "name" : "侯九", "gender" : "女", "age" : 22, "address" : { "province" : "guangxi", "city" : "guilin" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddec"), "id" : 10, "name" : "熊十", "gender" : "女", "age" : 18, "address" : { "province" : "fujian", "city" : "xiamen" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619dded"), "id" : 11, "name" : "吴京", "gender" : "男", "age" : 43, "address" : { "province" : "beijing", "city" : "beijing" }, "hobby" : [ "mil", "fight", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619ddee"), "id" : 12, "name" : "杨幂", "gender" : "女", "age" : 31, "address" : { "province" : "hongkong", "city" : "hongkong" }, "hobby" : [ "dance", "shopping", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619ddef"), "id" : 13, "name" : "黄渤", "gender" : "男", "age" : 45, "address" : { "province" : "shandong", "city" : "qingdao" }, "hobby" : [ "dance", "game", "sing" ] }

范围条件查询:
$gt 	表示大于
$lt 	表示小于
$gte 	表示大于等于
$lte 	表示小于等于

格式:
操作 	 		格式
等于 	 		{<key>:<value>}
小于 	 		{<key>:{$lt:<value>}}
小于或等于 		{<key>:{$lte:<value>}}
大于 	 		{<key>:{$gt:<value>}}
大于或等于 		{<key>:{$gte:<value>}}
不等于 			{<key>:{$ne:<value>}}

示例:
查询年龄大于40岁
> db.student.find({age:{$gt:30}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619dded"), "id" : 11, "name" : "吴京", "gender" : "男", "age" : 43, "address" : { "province" : "beijing", "city" : "beijing" }, "hobby" : [ "mil", "fight", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619ddee"), "id" : 12, "name" : "杨幂", "gender" : "女", "age" : 31, "address" : { "province" : "hongkong", "city" : "hongkong" }, "hobby" : [ "dance", "shopping", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619ddef"), "id" : 13, "name" : "黄渤", "gender" : "男", "age" : 45, "address" : { "province" : "shandong", "city" : "qingdao" }, "hobby" : [ "dance", "game", "sing" ] }

多条件查询:
AND 		db.数据表.find({条件,条件,条件})
OR 			条件语句使用了关键字 
$or语法格式:
db.数据表.find({$or:[{条件},{条件},{条件}]})

示例:
查询年龄大于等于20岁小于等于30岁
> db.student.find({age:{$gte:20,$lte:30}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986bbe22e54ae6c619dde8"), "id" : 4, "name" : "赵六", "gender" : "女", "age" : 21 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986bbe22e54ae6c619dde9"), "id" : 5, "name" : "钱七", "gender" : "女", "age" : 20 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddeb"), "id" : 9, "name" : "侯九", "gender" : "女", "age" : 22, "address" : { "province" : "guangxi", "city" : "guilin" } }

支持正则表达式:

查看姓的数据
> db.student.find({name:/^王/})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986a0622e54ae6c619dde6"), "id" : 3, "name" : "王五", "gender" : "男", "age" : 18 }

查看名字中含有京的数据
> db.student.find({name:/京/})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619dded"), "id" : 11, "name" : "吴京", "gender" : "男", "age" : 43, "address" : { "province" : "beijing", "city" : "beijing" }, "hobby" : [ "mil", "fight", "sing" ] }

查询指定列name、age数据（只列出name & age，其它省略）:
> db.student.find({},{name:1,age:1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6298694722e54ae6c619dde4"), "name" : "张三", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("629869de22e54ae6c619dde5"), "name" : "李四", "age" : 19 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986a0622e54ae6c619dde6"), "name" : "王五", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986bbe22e54ae6c619dde8"), "name" : "赵六", "age" : 21 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986bbe22e54ae6c619dde9"), "name" : "钱七", "age" : 20 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddea"), "name" : "孙八", "age" : 19 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddeb"), "name" : "侯九", "age" : 22 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddec"), "name" : "熊十", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619dded"), "name" : "吴京", "age" : 43 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619ddee"), "name" : "杨幂", "age" : 31 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619ddef"), "name" : "黄渤", "age" : 45 }

显示_id，不显示name、age、address列:
> db.student.find({},{_id:1,name:0,age:0,address:0})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6298694722e54ae6c619dde4"), "id" : 1, "gender" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("629869de22e54ae6c619dde5"), "id" : 2, "gender" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986a0622e54ae6c619dde6"), "id" : 3, "gender" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986bbe22e54ae6c619dde8"), "id" : 4, "gender" : "女" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986bbe22e54ae6c619dde9"), "id" : 5, "gender" : "女" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddea"), "id" : 8, "gender" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddeb"), "id" : 9, "gender" : "女" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddec"), "id" : 10, "gender" : "女" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619dded"), "id" : 11, "gender" : "男", "hobby" : [ "mil", "fight", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619ddee"), "id" : 12, "gender" : "女", "hobby" : [ "dance", "shopping", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619ddef"), "id" : 13, "gender" : "男", "hobby" : [ "dance", "game", "sing" ] }

不显示address列:
> db.student.find({},{address:0})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6298694722e54ae6c619dde4"), "id" : 1, "name" : "张三", "gender" : "男", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("629869de22e54ae6c619dde5"), "id" : 2, "name" : "李四", "gender" : "男", "age" : 19 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986a0622e54ae6c619dde6"), "id" : 3, "name" : "王五", "gender" : "男", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986bbe22e54ae6c619dde8"), "id" : 4, "name" : "赵六", "gender" : "女", "age" : 21 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986bbe22e54ae6c619dde9"), "id" : 5, "name" : "钱七", "gender" : "女", "age" : 20 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddea"), "id" : 8, "name" : "孙八", "gender" : "男", "age" : 19 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddeb"), "id" : 9, "name" : "侯九", "gender" : "女", "age" : 22 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddec"), "id" : 10, "name" : "熊十", "gender" : "女", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619dded"), "id" : 11, "name" : "吴京", "gender" : "男", "age" : 43, "hobby" : [ "mil", "fight", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619ddee"), "id" : 12, "name" : "杨幂", "gender" : "女", "age" : 31, "hobby" : [ "dance", "shopping", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619ddef"), "id" : 13, "name" : "黄渤", "gender" : "男", "age" : 45, "hobby" : [ "dance", "game", "sing" ] }

不显示_id列（注：_id列自动生成，也可以自己指定）:
> db.student.find({},{_id:0,name:1,age:1})
{ "name" : "张三", "age" : 18 }
{ "name" : "李四", "age" : 19 }
{ "name" : "王五", "age" : 18 }
{ "name" : "赵六", "age" : 21 }
{ "name" : "钱七", "age" : 20 }
{ "name" : "孙八", "age" : 19 }
{ "name" : "侯九", "age" : 22 }
{ "name" : "熊十", "age" : 18 }
{ "name" : "吴京", "age" : 43 }
{ "name" : "杨幂", "age" : 31 }
{ "name" : "黄渤", "age" : 45 }

注：一般情况下，要么只指定不显示的，要么只指定要生成的，但是唯独_id除外（特殊情况），可以一起指定

按照年龄排序:

升序
> db.student.find().sort({age:1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6298694722e54ae6c619dde4"), "id" : 1, "name" : "张三", "gender" : "男", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986a0622e54ae6c619dde6"), "id" : 3, "name" : "王五", "gender" : "男", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddec"), "id" : 10, "name" : "熊十", "gender" : "女", "age" : 18, "address" : { "province" : "fujian", "city" : "xiamen" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("629869de22e54ae6c619dde5"), "id" : 2, "name" : "李四", "gender" : "男", "age" : 19 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddea"), "id" : 8, "name" : "孙八", "gender" : "男", "age" : 19, "address" : { "province" : "guangdong", "city" : "guangzhou" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986bbe22e54ae6c619dde9"), "id" : 5, "name" : "钱七", "gender" : "女", "age" : 20 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986bbe22e54ae6c619dde8"), "id" : 4, "name" : "赵六", "gender" : "女", "age" : 21 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddeb"), "id" : 9, "name" : "侯九", "gender" : "女", "age" : 22, "address" : { "province" : "guangxi", "city" : "guilin" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619ddee"), "id" : 12, "name" : "杨幂", "gender" : "女", "age" : 31, "address" : { "province" : "hongkong", "city" : "hongkong" }, "hobby" : [ "dance", "shopping", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619dded"), "id" : 11, "name" : "吴京", "gender" : "男", "age" : 43, "address" : { "province" : "beijing", "city" : "beijing" }, "hobby" : [ "mil", "fight", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619ddef"), "id" : 13, "name" : "黄渤", "gender" : "男", "age" : 45, "address" : { "province" : "shandong", "city" : "qingdao" }, "hobby" : [ "dance", "game", "sing" ] }

降序
> db.student.find().sort({age:-1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619ddef"), "id" : 13, "name" : "黄渤", "gender" : "男", "age" : 45, "address" : { "province" : "shandong", "city" : "qingdao" }, "hobby" : [ "dance", "game", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619dded"), "id" : 11, "name" : "吴京", "gender" : "男", "age" : 43, "address" : { "province" : "beijing", "city" : "beijing" }, "hobby" : [ "mil", "fight", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619ddee"), "id" : 12, "name" : "杨幂", "gender" : "女", "age" : 31, "address" : { "province" : "hongkong", "city" : "hongkong" }, "hobby" : [ "dance", "shopping", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddeb"), "id" : 9, "name" : "侯九", "gender" : "女", "age" : 22, "address" : { "province" : "guangxi", "city" : "guilin" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986bbe22e54ae6c619dde8"), "id" : 4, "name" : "赵六", "gender" : "女", "age" : 21 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986bbe22e54ae6c619dde9"), "id" : 5, "name" : "钱七", "gender" : "女", "age" : 20 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("629869de22e54ae6c619dde5"), "id" : 2, "name" : "李四", "gender" : "男", "age" : 19 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddea"), "id" : 8, "name" : "孙八", "gender" : "男", "age" : 19, "address" : { "province" : "guangdong", "city" : "guangzhou" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6298694722e54ae6c619dde4"), "id" : 1, "name" : "张三", "gender" : "男", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986a0622e54ae6c619dde6"), "id" : 3, "name" : "王五", "gender" : "男", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddec"), "id" : 10, "name" : "熊十", "gender" : "女", "age" : 18, "address" : { "province" : "fujian", "city" : "xiamen" } }

查询前5条数据:
> db.student.find().limit(5)
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6298694722e54ae6c619dde4"), "id" : 1, "name" : "张三", "gender" : "男" "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("629869de22e54ae6c619dde5"), "id" : 2, "name" : "李四", "gender" : "男" "age" : 19 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986a0622e54ae6c619dde6"), "id" : 3, "name" : "王五", "gender" : "男" "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986bbe22e54ae6c619dde8"), "id" : 4, "name" : "赵六", "gender" : "女" "age" : 21 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986bbe22e54ae6c619dde9"), "id" : 5, "name" : "钱七", "gender" : "女" "age" : 20 }

查询7条以后的数据:
> db.student.find().skip(7)
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddec"), "id" : 10, "name" : "熊十", "gender" : "女", "age" : 18, "address" : { "province" : "fujian", "city" : "xiamen" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619dded"), "id" : 11, "name" : "吴京", "gender" : "男", "age" : 43, "address" : { "province" : "beijing", "city" : "beijing" }, "hobby" : [ "mil", "fight", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619ddee"), "id" : 12, "name" : "杨幂", "gender" : "女", "age" : 31, "address" : { "province" : "hongkong", "city" : "hongkong" }, "hobby" : [ "dance", "shopping", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619ddef"), "id" : 13, "name" : "黄渤", "gender" : "男", "age" : 45, "address" : { "province" : "shandong", "city" : "qingdao" }, "hobby" : [ "dance", "game", "sing" ] }

查询在3-12之间的数据:
> db.student.find().skip(2).limit(8)
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986a0622e54ae6c619dde6"), "id" : 3, "name" : "王五", "gender" : "男", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986bbe22e54ae6c619dde8"), "id" : 4, "name" : "赵六", "gender" : "女", "age" : 21 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986bbe22e54ae6c619dde9"), "id" : 5, "name" : "钱七", "gender" : "女", "age" : 20 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddea"), "id" : 8, "name" : "孙八", "gender" : "男", "age" : 19, "address" : { "province" : "guangdong", "city" : "guangzhou" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddeb"), "id" : 9, "name" : "侯九", "gender" : "女", "age" : 22, "address" : { "province" : "guangxi", "city" : "guilin" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddec"), "id" : 10, "name" : "熊十", "gender" : "女", "age" : 18, "address" : { "province" : "fujian", "city" : "xiamen" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619dded"), "id" : 11, "name" : "吴京", "gender" : "男", "age" : 43, "address" : { "province" : "beijing", "city" : "beijing" }, "hobby" : [ "mil", "fight", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619ddee"), "id" : 12, "name" : "杨幂", "gender" : "女", "age" : 31, "address" : { "province" : "hongkong", "city" : "hongkong" }, "hobby" : [ "dance", "shopping", "sing" ] }

查询20岁以下男性:
> db.student.find({age:{$lte:20},gender:"男"})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6298694722e54ae6c619dde4"), "id" : 1, "name" : "张三", "gender" : "男", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("629869de22e54ae6c619dde5"), "id" : 2, "name" : "李四", "gender" : "男", "age" : 19 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986a0622e54ae6c619dde6"), "id" : 3, "name" : "王五", "gender" : "男", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddea"), "id" : 8, "name" : "孙八", "gender" : "男", "age" : 19, "address" : { "province" : "guangdong", "city" : "guangzhou" } }

统计男性个数:
> db.student.find({gender:"男"}).count()
6

多维字段查询:
> db.student.find({"address.city":"beijing"})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619dded"), "id" : 11, "name" : "吴京", "gender" : "男", "age" : 43, "address" : { "province" : "beijing", "city" : "beijing" }, "hobby" : [ "mil", "fight", "sing" ] }

数组条件限制:
> db.student.find({hobby:"fight"})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619dded"), "id" : 11, "name" : "吴京", "gender" : "男", "age" : 43, "address" : { "province" : "beijing", "city" : "beijing" }, "hobby" : [ "mil", "fight", "sing" ] }

> db.student.find({hobby:{$all:["dance","sing"]}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619ddee"), "id" : 12, "name" : "杨幂", "gender" : "女", "age" : 31, "address" : { "province" : "hongkong", "city" : "hongkong" }, "hobby" : [ "dance", "shopping", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619ddef"), "id" : 13, "name" : "黄渤", "gender" : "男", "age" : 45, "address" : { "province" : "shandong", "city" : "qingdao" }, "hobby" : [ "dance", "game", "sing" ] }

其他查询:
$in查询包含的数据
> db.student.find({age:{$in:[18,20,21,23]}},{name:1,age:1,_id:0})
{ "name" : "张三", "age" : 18 }
{ "name" : "王五", "age" : 18 }
{ "name" : "赵六", "age" : 21 }
{ "name" : "钱七", "age" : 20 }
{ "name" : "熊十", "age" : 18 }

$exists判断字段是否存在
查询存在age字段的数据
> db.student.find({age:{$exists:true}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6298694722e54ae6c619dde4"), "id" : 1, "name" : "张三", "gender" : "男", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("629869de22e54ae6c619dde5"), "id" : 2, "name" : "李四", "gender" : "男", "age" : 19 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986a0622e54ae6c619dde6"), "id" : 3, "name" : "王五", "gender" : "男", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986bbe22e54ae6c619dde8"), "id" : 4, "name" : "赵六", "gender" : "女", "age" : 21 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986bbe22e54ae6c619dde9"), "id" : 5, "name" : "钱七", "gender" : "女", "age" : 20 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddea"), "id" : 8, "name" : "孙八", "gender" : "男", "age" : 19, "address" : { "province" : "guangdong", "city" : "guangzhou" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddeb"), "id" : 9, "name" : "侯九", "gender" : "女", "age" : 22, "address" : { "province" : "guangxi", "city" : "guilin" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddec"), "id" : 10, "name" : "熊十", "gender" : "女", "age" : 18, "address" : { "province" : "fujian", "city" : "xiamen" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619dded"), "id" : 11, "name" : "吴京", "gender" : "男", "age" : 43, "address" : { "province" : "beijing", "city" : "beijing" }, "hobby" : [ "mil", "fight", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619ddee"), "id" : 12, "name" : "杨幂", "gender" : "女", "age" : 31, "address" : { "province" : "hongkong", "city" : "hongkong" }, "hobby" : [ "dance", "shopping", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619ddef"), "id" : 13, "name" : "黄渤", "gender" : "男", "age" : 45, "address" : { "province" : "shandong", "city" : "qingdao" }, "hobby" : [ "dance", "game", "sing" ] }

查询不存在age字段的数据
> db.student.find({age:{$exists:false}})

$mod取模运算
查询满足age列的数值除5余3的数据
> db.student.find({age:{$mod:[5,3]}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6298694722e54ae6c619dde4"), "id" : 1, "name" : "张三", "gender" : "男", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986a0622e54ae6c619dde6"), "id" : 3, "name" : "王五", "gender" : "男", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddec"), "id" : 10, "name" : "熊十", "gender" : "女", "age" : 18, "address" : { "province" : "fujian", "city" : "xiamen" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619dded"), "id" : 11, "name" : "吴京", "gender" : "男", "age" : 43, "address" : { "province" : "beijing", "city" : "beijing" }, "hobby" : [ "mil", "fight", "sing" ] }

$ne不等于操作
查询年龄年龄不是18和20的数据
> db.student.find({age:{$ne:18},age:{$ne:20}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6298694722e54ae6c619dde4"), "id" : 1, "name" : "张三", "gender" : "男", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("629869de22e54ae6c619dde5"), "id" : 2, "name" : "李四", "gender" : "男", "age" : 19 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986a0622e54ae6c619dde6"), "id" : 3, "name" : "王五", "gender" : "男", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986bbe22e54ae6c619dde8"), "id" : 4, "name" : "赵六", "gender" : "女", "age" : 21 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddea"), "id" : 8, "name" : "孙八", "gender" : "男", "age" : 19, "address" : { "province" : "guangdong", "city" : "guangzhou" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddeb"), "id" : 9, "name" : "侯九", "gender" : "女", "age" : 22, "address" : { "province" : "guangxi", "city" : "guilin" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986d4e22e54ae6c619ddec"), "id" : 10, "name" : "熊十", "gender" : "女", "age" : 18, "address" : { "province" : "fujian", "city" : "xiamen" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619dded"), "id" : 11, "name" : "吴京", "gender" : "男", "age" : 43, "address" : { "province" : "beijing", "city" : "beijing" }, "hobby" : [ "mil", "fight", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619ddee"), "id" : 12, "name" : "杨幂", "gender" : "女", "age" : 31, "address" : { "province" : "hongkong", "city" : "hongkong" }, "hobby" : [ "dance", "shopping", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62986f8322e54ae6c619ddef"), "id" : 13, "name" : "黄渤", "gender" : "男", "age" : 45, "address" : { "province" : "shandong", "city" : "qingdao" }, "hobby" : [ "dance", "game", "sing" ] }

$nin查询不包含的数据
> db.student.find({age:{$nin:[18,20,21,23]}},{name:1,age:1,_id:0})
{ "name" : "李四", "age" : 19 }
{ "name" : "孙八", "age" : 19 }
{ "name" : "侯九", "age" : 22 }
{ "name" : "吴京", "age" : 43 }
{ "name" : "杨幂", "age" : 31 }
{ "name" : "黄渤", "age" : 45 }

$size数组元素个数
不演示（懒）

3）更新操作

update() 方法用于更新已存在的文档

语法格式：
db.collection.update(
   <query>,
   <update>,
   {
     upsert: <boolean>,
     multi: <boolean>,
     writeConcern: <document>
   }
)

参数说明：
• query：update的查询条件，类似sql update查询内where后面的；
• update：update的对象和一些更新的操作符（如$,$inc...）等，也可以理解为sql update查询内set后面的；
• upsert：可选，这个参数的意思是，如果不存在update的记录，是否插入objNew,true为插入，默认是false，不插入；
• multi：可选，mongodb 默认是false,只更新找到的第一条记录，如果这个参数为true,就把按条件查出来多条记录全部更新；
• writeConcern：可选，抛出异常的级别；

示例：
将title更新为MySQL教程
MongoDB Enterprise > db.books.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("599026a4124716992d85a2ed"), "title" : "MongDB教程", "price" : 75, "num" : 50 }

MongoDB Enterprise > db.books.update({"title" : "MongDB教程"},{$set:{"title" : "MySQL教程"}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
MongoDB Enterprise > db.books.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("599026a4124716992d85a2ed"), "title" : "MySQL教程", "price" : 75, "num" : 50 }

price数值加1
MongoDB Enterprise > db.books.update({"title" : "MySQL教程"},{$inc:{"price" : 1}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
MongoDB Enterprise > db.books.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("599026a4124716992d85a2ed"), "title" : "MySQL教程", "price" : 76, "num" : 50 }

db.表.update({条件},{'$set' :{字段:值,字段:值}})
db.表.update({条件},{字段:值,字段:值}) 
    有$set的修改：只修改设置的字段，其他字段不变
    没有$set的修改：只修改设置的字段，没有修改的字段就删除了（_id除外)
    
注：字段有则修改没有则添加新字段

4）删除操作

删除记录：db.表.remove(条件)
删除字段: db.表update({条件},{ ‘$unset’ :{字段:1/字段:0}})
Johnny.G
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