【FFmpeg4.1.4 编码】h265编码

1、编码流程

1、初始化AVFormatContext：avformat_alloc_output_context2()，包含有输出码流(AVStream)和解复用器(AVInputFormat)。
2、打开输出文件：avio_open()。
3、初始化AVCodecContext：avcodec_alloc_context3()，包含编码参数信息。
4、创建视频码流：avformat_new_stream()，该函数生成一个空AVstream 该结构存放编码后的视频码流 。视频码流被拆分为AVPacket新式保存在AVStream中。
5、拷贝编码参数信息：avcodec_parameters_from_context()，从AVCodecContext到输出流中。
6、写头信息：avformat_write_header()，将封装格式的信息写入文件头部位置。
7、查找编码器：avcodec_find_encoder()。
8、设置编码器信息：AVCodecContext
码率：bit_rate
图像格式：pix_fmt
分辨率：width、height
帧率：framerate、time_base
GOP大小：gop_size
B帧：max_b_frames
额外设置一些参数(如 h265 要设置qmax、qmin、qcompress参数才能正常使用h264编码)
9、打开编码器：avcodec_open2()，根据前一步设置的编码器参数信息，来查找初始化一个编码器，并将其打开。
10、分配AVPacket和AVFrame：av_packet_alloc()和av_frame_alloc()
11、编码：avcodec_send_frame()和avcodec_receive_packet()。
12、写入输出文件：av_interleaved_write_frame()。

2、编码

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2001 Fabrice Bellard
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */

/**
 * @file
 * video encoding with libavcodec API example
 *
 * @example encode_video.c
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
   
#endif // __cplusplus

#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
#include <libavutil/opt.h>
#include <libavutil/imgutils.h>

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif // __cplusplus

static void encode(AVCodecContext *enc_ctx, AVFrame *frame, AVPacket *pkt,
                   FILE *outfile)
{
   
    int ret;

    /* send the frame to the encoder */
    if (frame)
        printf("Send frame %3"PRId64"\n", frame->pts);

    ret = avcodec_send_frame(enc_ctx, frame);
    if (ret < 0) {
   
        fprintf(stderr, "Error sending a frame for encoding\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    while (ret >= 0) {
   
        ret = avcodec_receive_packet</