OC转Swift之基础篇（五）--枚举、结构体&泛型

//枚举

enum Season:Int { //case Spring,Summer,Autumn,Winter

    case Spring=10

    case Summer

    case Autumn

    case Winter

    var tag:Int{

        return self.rawValue

    }

    static var enumName:String{

        return "\(self)"

    }

    init?(prefix:String) {

        switch prefix.lowercased() {

        case "sp":

            self = .Spring

        case "su":

            self = .Summer

        case "au":

            self = .Autumn

        case "wi":

            self = .Winter

        default:

            return nil

        }

    }

    func showMessage() {

        print("rawValue=\(self.rawValue)")

    }

    static func showEnumName(){

        print("Enum name is \"\(self)\"")

    }

}

//使用

var season = Season.Spring

        season = .Summer

        season = .Autumn

        season = .Winter

        switch season {

            case .Spring:

                print("S，\(Season.Spring.rawValue)")

            case .Summer:

                print("S")

            case .Autumn:

                print("A")

            default:

                print("W")

        }

        print(season.tag,Season.enumName) //结果：13 Season

        season.showMessage() //结果：rawValue=13

        Season.showEnumName() //结果：Enum name is "Season"

        let autumn = Season(rawValue:12)

        if let newAutumn=autumn{

            print("\(newAutumn),\(newAutumn.rawValue)") //结果：Autumn,12

        }

//结构体

struct Info {

    var firstName:String

    var lastName:String

    var fullName:String{

        return firstName+" "+lastName

    }

    

    var age:Int = 0

    func showMessage() {

        print("firstName=\(firstName),lastName=\(lastName),age=\(age)")

    }

    static func showStructName(){

        print("Struct name is \"\(self)\"")

    }

}

//使用

let info = Info.init(firstName: "Jonny", lastName: "Deng", age: 25)

        print(info.fullName) //结果：Jonny Deng

        info.showMessage() //结果：firstName=Jonny,lastName=Deng,age=25

        Info.showStructName() //结果：Struct name is "Info"     

        var info2 = info

        info2.firstName = "Jenny"

        print("\(info2.fullName),\(info.fullName)") //结果：Jenny Deng,Jonny Deng

//泛型

protocol Stackable {//实现协议

    associatedtype ItemType

    mutating func push(item:ItemType)

    mutating func pop()->ItemType

}

struct Stack<T>:Stackable{

    var store:[T] = []

    mutating func push(item:T){

        store.append(item)

    }

    mutating func pop()->T{

        return store.removeLast()

    }

}

extension Stack{//进行拓展

    var top:T?{

        return store.last

    }

}

//使用

var s = Stack<Any>()

        s.push(item: "hello")

        s.push(item: "world")

        let t = s.pop()

        print("t=\(t)") //结果：t=world