vector对象是如何增长的

vector和string在内存中是连续保存的，如果原先分配的内存位置已经使用完，则需要重新分配新空间，将已有元素从就位置移动到新空间中，然后添加新元素。

管理容量的成员函数

操作	解释
c.shrink_to_fit()	将capacity()减少到和size()相同大小
c.capacity()	不重新分配内存空间的话，c可以保存多少个元素
c.reverse(n)	分配至少能容纳n个元素的内存空间

• shrink_to_fit只适用于vector、string和deque
• capacity和reverse只适用于vector和string。

VS2019下 vector 增长方式

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	vector<int> v;

	for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
	{
		cout << "capacity: " << v.capacity() << "  size: " << v.size() << endl;
		v.push_back(i);
	}
	return 0;
}

输出

capacity: 0  size: 0
capacity: 1  size: 1
capacity: 2  size: 2
capacity: 3  size: 3
capacity: 4  size: 4
capacity: 6  size: 5
capacity: 6  size: 6
capacity: 9  size: 7
capacity: 9  size: 8
capacity: 9  size: 9
capacity: 13  size: 10
capacity: 13  size: 11
capacity: 13  size: 12
capacity: 13  size: 13
capacity: 19  size: 14
capacity: 19  size: 15
capacity: 19  size: 16
capacity: 19  size: 17
capacity: 19  size: 18
capacity: 19  size: 19
capacity: 28  size: 20
capacity: 28  size: 21
capacity: 28  size: 22
capacity: 28  size: 23
capacity: 28  size: 24
capacity: 28  size: 25
capacity: 28  size: 26
capacity: 28  size: 27
capacity: 28  size: 28
capacity: 42  size: 29
capacity: 42  size: 30
capacity: 42  size: 31
capacity: 42  size: 32
capacity: 42  size: 33
capacity: 42  size: 34
capacity: 42  size: 35
capacity: 42  size: 36
capacity: 42  size: 37
capacity: 42  size: 38
capacity: 42  size: 39
capacity: 42  size: 40
capacity: 42  size: 41
capacity: 42  size: 42
capacity: 63  size: 43
capacity: 63  size: 44
capacity: 63  size: 45
capacity: 63  size: 46
capacity: 63  size: 47
capacity: 63  size: 48
capacity: 63  size: 49
capacity: 63  size: 50
capacity: 63  size: 51
capacity: 63  size: 52
capacity: 63  size: 53
capacity: 63  size: 54
capacity: 63  size: 55
capacity: 63  size: 56
capacity: 63  size: 57
capacity: 63  size: 58
capacity: 63  size: 59
capacity: 63  size: 60
capacity: 63  size: 61
capacity: 63  size: 62
capacity: 63  size: 63
capacity: 94  size: 64
capacity: 94  size: 65
capacity: 94  size: 66
capacity: 94  size: 67
capacity: 94  size: 68
capacity: 94  size: 69
capacity: 94  size: 70
capacity: 94  size: 71
capacity: 94  size: 72
capacity: 94  size: 73
capacity: 94  size: 74
capacity: 94  size: 75
capacity: 94  size: 76
capacity: 94  size: 77
capacity: 94  size: 78
capacity: 94  size: 79
capacity: 94  size: 80
capacity: 94  size: 81
capacity: 94  size: 82
capacity: 94  size: 83
capacity: 94  size: 84
capacity: 94  size: 85
capacity: 94  size: 86
capacity: 94  size: 87
capacity: 94  size: 88
capacity: 94  size: 89
capacity: 94  size: 90
capacity: 94  size: 91
capacity: 94  size: 92
capacity: 94  size: 93
capacity: 94  size: 94
capacity: 141  size: 95
capacity: 141  size: 96
capacity: 141  size: 97
capacity: 141  size: 98
capacity: 141  size: 99