当有自定义的class继承了dict时,在使用copy.deepcopy便需要重写__deepcopy__方法,这个方法一不小心就会写成shallow copy(只copy了最外层) 或是写出死循环,如下反例:
def __deepcopy__(self, memo=None, _nil=[]):
dict = _MyDict()
for key in self.keys():
dict.__setattr__(key,self.__getattr__(key))
注意到参数中实际上有一个memodict,是可以用来避免死循环的,字典copy的主要过程首先是这样:
for key in self.keys():
dict .__setattr__(deepcopy(key, memo),
deepcopy(self.__getattr__(key), memo))
key和value都需要调用各自的deepcopy方法,之后在函数入口处应当首先判断当前对象是否在memo中出现过(这里写法参照deepcopy函数源码),即,是否是递归的循环调用, 如果没有,需要将自己的id加到字典中,表明自己正在进行deep copy:
if memo is None:
memo = {}
d = id(self)
y = memo.get(d, _nil)
if y is not _nil:
return y
dict = _MyDict()
memo[d] = id(dict)
整体代码如下:
class _MyDict(dict):
....
def __deepcopy__(self, memo=None, _nil=[]):
if memo is None:
memo = {}
d = id(self)
y = memo.get(d, _nil)
if y is not _nil:
return y
dict = _MyDict()
memo[d] = id(dict)
for key in self.keys():
dict .__setattr__(deepcopy(key, memo),
deepcopy(self.__getattr__(key), memo))
return dict