Prometheus 1：安装（Centos7）

1. 同步时间

        因Prometheus对时间精度要求高，所以安装前，需要与NTP同步时间：

#设置系统显示时区为 亚洲上海
timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

#同步当地时间
ntpdate -u cn.pool.ntp.org

2. 同步时间后，从官网下载Prometheus安装包

#可以通过wget命令直接从官网下载，也可以通过其它方式导入
wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.54.0/prometheus-2.54.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

3.下载完成后，使用tar命令解压缩Prometheus

[root@localhost ~]# tar -zxvf prometheus-2.54.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

4. 启动Prometheus

[root@localhost prometheus-2.54.0.linux-amd64]# ./prometheus 
ts=2024-08-21T06:58:50.462Z caller=main.go:601 level=info msg="No time or size retention was set so using the default time retention" duration=15d
ts=2024-08-21T06:58:50.462Z caller=main.go:645 level=info msg="Starting Prometheus Server" mode=server version="(version=2.54.0, branch=HEAD, revision=5354e87a70d3eb26b81b601b286d66ff983990f6)"
ts=2024-08-21T06:58:50.462Z caller=main.go:650 level=info build_context="(go=go1.22.6, platform=linux/amd64, user=root@68a9e2472a68, date=20240809-11:36:32, tags=netgo,builtinassets,stringlabels)"
ts=2024-08-21T06:58:50.462Z caller=main.go:651 level=info host_details="(Linux 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Nov 8 23:39:32 UTC 2018 x86_64 localhost.localdomain (none))"
ts=2024-08-21T06:58:50.462Z caller=main.go:652 level=info fd_limits="(soft=4096, hard=4096)"
ts=2024-08-21T06:58:50.463Z caller=main.go:653 level=info vm_limits="(soft=unlimited, hard=unlimited)"
ts=2024-08-21T06:58:50.465Z caller=web.go:571 level=info component=web msg="Start listening for connections" address=0.0.0.0:9090
ts=2024-08-21T06:58:50.466Z caller=main.go:1160 level=info msg="Starting TSDB ..."
ts=2024-08-21T06:58:50.468Z caller=tls_config.go:313 level=info component=web msg="Listening on" address=[::]:9090
ts=2024-08-21T06:58:50.468Z caller=tls_config.go:316 level=info component=web msg="TLS is disabled." http2=false address=[::]:9090
ts=2024-08-21T06:58:50.472Z caller=head.go:626 level=info component=tsdb msg="Replaying on-disk memory mappable chunks if any"
ts=2024-08-21T06:58:50.472Z caller=head.go:713 level=info component=tsdb msg="On-disk memory mappable chunks replay completed" duration=5.209µs
ts=2024-08-21T06:58:50.472Z caller=head.go:721 level=info component=tsdb msg="Replaying WAL, this may take a while"
ts=2024-08-21T06:58:50.473Z caller=head.go:793 level=info component=tsdb msg="WAL segment loaded" segment=0 maxSegment=1
ts=2024-08-21T06:58:50.473Z caller=head.go:793 level=info component=tsdb msg="WAL segment loaded" segment=1 maxSegment=1
ts=2024-08-21T06:58:50.473Z caller=head.go:830 level=info component=tsdb msg="WAL replay completed" checkpoint_replay_duration=242.215µs wal_replay_duration=594.489µs wbl_replay_duration=151ns chunk_snapshot_load_duration=0s mmap_chunk_replay_duration=5.209µs total_replay_duration=866.148µs
ts=2024-08-21T06:58:50.475Z caller=main.go:1181 level=info fs_type=XFS_SUPER_MAGIC
ts=2024-08-21T06:58:50.475Z caller=main.go:1184 level=info msg="TSDB started"
ts=2024-08-21T06:58:50.475Z caller=main.go:1367 level=info msg="Loading configuration file" filename=prometheus.yml
ts=2024-08-21T06:58:50.476Z caller=main.go:1404 level=info msg="updated GOGC" old=100 new=75
ts=2024-08-21T06:58:50.476Z caller=main.go:1415 level=info msg="Completed loading of configuration file" filename=prometheus.yml totalDuration=993.215µs db_storage=3.554µs remote_storage=2.506µs web_handler=293ns query_engine=2.105µs scrape=665.522µs scrape_sd=22.979µs notify=26.899µs notify_sd=7.721µs rules=2.86µs tracing=12.976µs
ts=2024-08-21T06:58:50.476Z caller=main.go:1145 level=info msg="Server is ready to receive web requests."
ts=2024-08-21T06:58:50.476Z caller=manager.go:164 level=info component="rule manager" msg="Starting rule manager..."

5. 默认工作端口是9090，如果无法访问，可能是服务器的9090端口没有开启，需要

#通过sudo firewall-cmd --list-all查看当前启用端口
[root@localhost prometheus]# sudo firewall-cmd --list-all
public (active)
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: ens32
  sources: 
  services: ssh dhcpv6-client
  ports: 
  protocols: 
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: 
  source-ports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules: 

经查如果没有开启，需要

#开启服务器访问端口，prometheus默认端口为9090，其它端口参照
[root@localhost prometheus]# sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9090/tcp --permanent
success

#重启防火墙
[root@localhost prometheus]# sudo firewall-cmd --reload
success

#检查当前启用端口
[root@localhost prometheus]# sudo firewall-cmd --list-all
public (active)
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: ens32
  sources: 
  services: ssh dhcpv6-client
  ports: 9090/tcp 9100/tcp
  protocols: 
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: 
  source-ports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules: 

6. 通过浏览器访问prometheus

至此，Prometheus完成安装。