IOC注入的几种常用方式:
set注入:
使用set注入首先要求需要创建的实例对象有set方法,并且最好要有一个无参的构造函数
需要创建的类实例对象的:
package com.st.spring;
public class User {
private String name;
private int age;
public User()
{
}
public User(String name,int age)
{
this.name=name;
this.age=age;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public void print()
{
System.out.println(name+":::"+age);
}
}
首先需要创建一个xml配置文件,我将它起名为bean.xml
代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="user" class="com.st.spring.User">
<property name="name" value="海洋"></property>
<property name="age" value="24"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
我们可以通过ApplicationContext来创建这个实体类,也可以通过BeanFactory来创建这个实体类
如果需要将name属性设为null值,只需要写成这种格式即可
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="user" class="com.st.spring.User">
<property name="name">
<null/>
</property>
<property name="age" value="24"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="book" class="com.st.spring.Book">
<constructor-arg value="孟在远方"/>
</bean>
</beans>
如果需要设置特殊字符,则需要加上<![CDATA[]]>,如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="user" class="com.st.spring.User">
<property name="name">
<value><![CDATA[<wewewe>]]></value>
</property>
<property name="age" value="24"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="book" class="com.st.spring.Book">
<constructor-arg value="孟在远方"/>
</bean>
</beans>
可以新建一个测试类,命名为test.class
代码如下:
package weTest;
import com.st.spring.User;
import jdk.jfr.StackTrace;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class test {
@Test
public void Test()
{
ApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
BeanFactory context1=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
User user=context.getBean("user",User.class);
User user1=context1.getBean("user",User.class);
user.print();
user1.print();
}
}
ApplicationContext与BeanFactory的主要区别在于,BeanFactory在启动的时候不会去实例化Bean,只有从容器中拿Bean的时候才会去实例化,而ApplicationContext在启动的时候就把所有的Bean全部实例化了。它还可以为Bean配置lazy-init=true来让Bean延迟实例化
web项目最好用ApplicationContext
输出结果如下:
构造器注入:
我们新建一个Book类,代码如下:
package com.st.spring;
public class Book {
private String bname;
public Book(String bname)
{
this.bname=bname;
}
public void print()
{
System.out.println(bname);
}
}
为了方便,直接在bean.xml配置文件里加一段<bean name="book" class="com.st.spring.Book"></bean>就行了,代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="user" class="com.st.spring.User">
<property name="name" value="海洋"></property>
<property name="age" value="24"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="book" class="com.st.spring.Book">
<constructor-arg value="孟在远方"/>
</bean>
</beans>
在test类里用之前的context直接创建一个Book的实例对象
package weTest;
import com.st.spring.Book;
import com.st.spring.User;
import jdk.jfr.StackTrace;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class test {
@Test
public void Test()
{
ApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
BeanFactory context1=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
User user=context.getBean("user",User.class);
User user1=context1.getBean("user",User.class);
user.print();
user1.print();
Book book=context.getBean("book",Book.class);
book.print();
}
}
输出结果如下: