C++ string 成员函数 length() size() 和 C strlen() 的区别


C++ string 成员函数 length() 等同于 size(),但是和 C 库函数 strlen() 有着本质区别,使用时切勿混淆。

1.函数申明

首先看一下三个函数的申明:

// 返回 string 长度(单位字节)
size_t length() const noexcept;

// 返回 string 长度(单位字节),作用等同于 length()
size_t size() const noexcept;

// C 标准库函数,返回 C 风格字符串长度(单位字节)
size_t strlen ( const char * str );

2.使用示例

实际项目中,C++ string 获取长度时,我们经常使用以下两种方法。

// 方法一:调用 length() 或 size()
string strTest = "test";
strTest.length();			// 4
strTest.size();				// 4

// 方法二:转为 C 风格字符串,调用 strlen()
strlen(strTest.c_str());	// 4

上面的代码片段获取的字符串长度均是 4,看不出什么区别,那么方法一和方法二有什么区别呢?请看如下代码:

char buf[256] = {0};
buf[0] = 'a';
// buf[1] 为 0
buf[2] = 'v';
buf[3] = 'h';

string strTest(buf, 6);
cout<<"strTest[0]:"<<(uint32_t)strTest[0]<<"_"<<(uint32_t)strTest[1]<<"_"<<(uint32_t)strTest[2]<<"_"<<(uint32_t)strTest[3]<<"_"<<(uint32_t)strTest[4]<<"_"<<(uint32_t)strTest[5]<<endl;
cout<<"strTest.length()="<<strTest.length()<<" strTest.size()="<<strTest.size()<<" strlen(strTest.c_str())="<<strlen(strTest.c_str())<<endl;
cout<<"strTest:"<<strTest<<endl;

代码输出:

strTest[0]:97_0_118_104_0_0
strTest.length()=6 strTest.size()=6 strlen(strTest.c_str())=1
strTest:avh

3.结论

(1)当 string 中含有空字符’\0’,使用 strlen() 获取 string 的长度时会被截断,使用成员函数 length() 和 size() 可以返回 string 的真实长度。
(2)cout 对 string 输出时,会过滤掉空字符,输出不会被截断。
(3)在构造或者拼接 string 时,建议同时指定 string 的长度,比如:

// 构造时使用
string strTest(buf, 6);
// 而非,因为会被截断
string strTest(buf);

// 拼接时使用
strTest.append(buf, 6);
// 而非,因为会被截断
strTest += buf;

参考文献

C++ reference

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网络课程设计用 Visual C++实现局域网 IP 多播 // task3UIDlg.cpp : implementation file // #include <winsock2.h> #include <ws2tcpip.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <String.h> #pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32") #include "StdAfx.h" #include "task3UI.h" #include "task3UIDlg.h" #include "../task3UI/CInitSock.h" #ifdef _DEBUG #define new DEBUG_NEW #undef THIS_FILE static char THIS_FILE[] = __FILE__; #endif #define MCASTADDR "233.0.0.1" //本例使用的多播组地址。 #define MCASTPORT 9999 //本地端口号。 #define BUFSIZE 1024 //发送数据缓冲大小。 WSADATA wsd; struct sockaddr_in local,remote,from; SOCKET sock,sockM; TCHAR sendbuf[BUFSIZE]; TCHAR recvbuf[BUFSIZE]; char ip[255]; int len; CString strrece,strsend; int CTask3UIDlg::KMeansSegment() { // 主要处理函数在这里写 int ret; while(1){ if(( ret = recvfrom(sock,recvbuf,BUFSIZE,0,(struct sockaddr*)&from;,&len;)) == SOCKET_ERROR) { printf("recvfrom failed with:%d\n",WSAGetLastError()); closesocket(sockM); closesocket(sock); WSACleanup(); return -1; } if( strcmp(recvbuf,"QUIT") == 0 ) { break; 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