文章目录
文章放置于:https://github.com/zgkaii/CS-Notes-Kz,欢迎批评指正!
一、ElasticSearch相关概念
1. ElasticSearch和MySQL中的概念比较
ElasticSearch | MySQL |
---|---|
Index | Database |
Type | Table |
Document | Row |
Field | Column |
Mapping | Schema |
Everything is indexed | Index |
GET http://… | select * from … |
POST http://… | update table set … |
2. 倒排索引
Elasticsearch 使用一种称为 倒排索引 的结构,它适用于快速的全文搜索。一个倒排索引由文档中所有不重复词的列表构成,对于其中每个词,有一个包含它的文档列表。
二、安装elasticsearch
docker中安装elastic search
(1)下载elastic search和kibana
docker pull elasticsearch:7.6.2
docker pull kibana:7.6.2
(2)配置
mkdir -p /mydata/elasticsearch/config
mkdir -p /mydata/elasticsearch/data
echo "http.host: 0.0.0.0" >/mydata/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml
chmod -R 777 /mydata/elasticsearch/
(3)启动Elastic search
docker run --name elasticsearch -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 \
-e "discovery.type=single-node" \
-e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms64m -Xmx512m" \
-v /mydata/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml:/usr/share/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml \
-v /mydata/elasticsearch/data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data \
-v /mydata/elasticsearch/plugins:/usr/share/elasticsearch/plugins \
-d elasticsearch:7.6.2
设置开机启动elasticsearch
docker update elasticsearch --restart=always
(4)启动kibana:
docker run --name kibana -e ELASTICSEARCH_HOSTS=http://192.168.56.10:9200 -p 5601:5601 -d kibana:7.6.2
设置开机启动kibana
docker update kibana --restart=always
(5)测试
查看elasticsearch版本信息: http://192.168.56.10:9200/
{
"name": "d30f21ec35fc",
"cluster_name": "elasticsearch",
"cluster_uuid": "OidCLBVNSP2su8UiNJl9oA",
"version": {
"number": "7.6.2",
"build_flavor": "default",
"build_type": "docker",
"build_hash": "ef48eb35cf30adf4db14086e8aabd07ef6fb113f",
"build_date": "2020-03-26T06:34:37.794943Z",
"build_snapshot": false,
"lucene_version": "8.4.0",
"minimum_wire_compatibility_version": "6.8.0",
"minimum_index_compatibility_version": "6.0.0-beta1"
},
"tagline": "You Know, for Search"
}
显示elasticsearch 节点信息http://192.168.56.10:9200/_cat/nodes
127.0.0.1 16 86 8 0.00 0.12 0.24 dilm * d30f21ec35fc
访问Kibana: http://192.168.56.10:5601/app/kibana
三、初步检索
1. _CAT
(1) GET/cat/nodes:查看所有节点
如:http://192.168.56.10:9200/_cat/nodes
127.0.0.1 15 88 0 0.06 0.03 0.11 dilm * d30f21ec35fc
注:*表示集群中的主节点
(2)GET/cat/health:查看es健康状况
如: http://192.168.56.10:9200/_cat/health
1599568858 12:40:58 elasticsearch green 1 1 3 3 0 0 0 0 - 100.0%
注:green表示健康值正常
(3)GET /cat/master:查看主节点
如: http://192.168.56.10:9200/_cat/master
QeMO9rMQSj2UjNvuxaNQqg 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 d30f21ec35fc
(4)GET/_cat/indices:查看所有索引 ,等价于mysql数据库的show databases;
如: http://192.168.56.10:9200/_cat/indices
green open .kibana_task_manager_1 wldcIEtbT3uQfH_copflYw 1 0 2 1 26.8kb 26.8kb
green open .apm-agent-configuration g5iOaK05QrSSmenBQtqupg 1 0 0 0 283b 283b
green open .kibana_1 2kGHFyKBSCmS8lU1loIqVg 1 0 6 0 22.6kb 22.6kb
2. 索引一个文档
保存一个数据,保存在哪个索引的哪个类型下,指定用那个唯一标识
PUT customer/external/1 在customer索引下的external类型下保存1号数据为
{
"name":"John Doe"
}
PUT和POST都可以
POST新增。如果不指定id,会自动生成id。指定id就会修改这个数据,并新增版本号;
PUT可以新增也可以修改。PUT必须指定id;由于PUT需要指定id,我们一般用来做修改操作,不指定id会报错。
下面是在postman中的测试数据:
创建数据成功后,显示201 created表示插入记录成功。
{
"_index": "customer",
"_type": "external",
"_id": "1",
"_version": 1,
"result": "created",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"_seq_no": 0,
"_primary_term": 1
}
这些返回的JSON串的含义;这些带有下划线开头的,称为元数据,反映了当前的基本信息。
“_index”: “customer” 表明该数据在哪个数据库下;
“_type”: “external” 表明该数据在哪个类型下;
“_id”: “1” 表明被保存数据的id;
“_version”: 1, 被保存数据的版本
“result”: “created” 这里是创建了一条数据,如果重新put一条数据,则该状态会变为updated,并且版本号也会发生变化。
下面选用POST方式:
添加数据的时候,不指定ID,会自动的生成id,并且类型是新增:
再次使用POST插入数据,仍然是新增的:
添加数据的时候,指定ID,会使用该id,并且类型是新增:
再次使用POST插入数据,类型为updated
3. 查看文档
GET /customer/external/2
http://192.168.56.10:9200/customer/external/1
{
"_index": "customer", //在哪个索引
"_type": "external",//在哪个类型
"_id": "2",//记录id
"_version": 2,//版本号
"_seq_no": 4,//并发控制字段,每次更新都会+1,用来做乐观锁
"_primary_term": 1, //同上,主分片重新分配,如重启,就会变化
"found": true,
"_source": {
// 真正内容
"name": "John Doe"
}
}
通过“if_seq_no=1&if_primary_term=1 ”,当序列号匹配的时候,才进行修改,否则不修改。
实例:将id=2的数据更新为name=1,然后再次更新为name=2,起始_seq_no=4,_primary_term=1
(1)将name更新为1
http://192.168.56.10:9200/customer/external/2?if_seq_no=6&if_primary_term=1
(2)将name更新为2,更新过程中使用seq_no=6
http://192.168.56.10:9200/customer/external/2?if_seq_no=6&if_primary_term=1
出现更新错误。
(3)将name更新为2,更新过程中使用seq_no=5
http://192.168.56.10:9200/customer/external/2?if_seq_no=5&if_primary_term=1
更新成功。
4. 更新文档
(1)POST更新文档,带有_update
http://192.168.56.10:9200/customer/external/2/_update
如果再次执行更新,则不执行任何操作,序列号也不发生变化
{
"_index": "customer",
"_type": "external",
"_id": "2",
"_version": 5,
"result": "noop",
"_shards": {
"total": 0,
"successful": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"_seq_no": 8,
"_primary_term": 1
}
POST更新方式,会对比原来的数据,和原来的相同,则不执行任何操作(version和_seq_no)都不变。
(2)POST更新文档,不带_update
{
"_index": "customer",
"_type": "external",
"_id": "2",
"_version": 6,
"result": "updated",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"_seq_no": 9,
"_primary_term": 1
}
在更新过程中,重复执行更新操作,数据也能够更新成功,不会和原来的数据进行对比。
5. 删除文档或索引
DELETE customer/external/1
DELETE customer
注:elasticsearch并没有提供删除类型的操作,只提供了删除索引和文档的操作。
实例:删除id=1的数据,删除后继续查询
实例:customer
删除前,所有的索引
green open .kibana_task_manager_1 wldcIEtbT3uQfH_copflYw 1 0 2 1 26.8kb 26.8kb
green open .apm-agent-configuration g5iOaK05QrSSmenBQtqupg 1 0 0 0 283b 283b
green open .kibana_1 2kGHFyKBSCmS8lU1loIqVg 1 0 6 0 22.6kb 22.6kb
yellow open customer KjaEuF2-TpaqKWeidOgJUA 1 1 4 1 17.6kb 17.6kb
删除“ customer ”索引
{
"acknowledged": true
}
删除后,所有的索引
green open .kibana_task_manager_1 wldcIEtbT3uQfH_copflYw 1 0 2 1 26.8kb 26.8kb
green open .apm-agent-configuration g5iOaK05QrSSmenBQtqupg 1 0 0 0 283b 283b
green open .kibana_1 2kGHFyKBSCmS8lU1loIqVg 1 0 6 0 22.6kb 22.6kb
6. elasticsearch的批量操作——bulk
语法格式:
{action:{metadata}}\n
{request body }\n
{action:{metadata}}\n
{request body }\n
这里的批量操作,当发生某一条执行发生失败时,其他的数据仍然能够接着执行,也就是说彼此之间是独立的。
bulk api以此按顺序执行所有的action(动作)。如果一个单个的动作因任何原因失败,它将继续处理它后面剩余的动作。当bulk api返回时,它将提供每个动作的状态(与发送的顺序相同),所以您可以检查是否一个指定的动作是否失败了。
实例1: 执行多条数据
POST customer/external/_bulk
{"index":{"_id":"1"}}
{"name":"John Doe"}
{"index":{"_id":"2"}}
{"name":"John Doe"}
执行结果
实例2:对于整个索引执行批量操作
POST /_bulk
{"delete":{"_index":"website","_type":"blog","_id":"123"}}
{"create":{"_index":"website","_type":"blog","_id":"123"}}
{"title":"my first blog post"}
{"index":{"_index":"website","_type":"blog"}}
{"title":"my second blog post"}
{"update":{"_index":"website","_type":"blog","_id":"123"}}
{"doc":{"title":"my updated blog post"}}
运行结果:
{
"took" : 289,
"errors" : false,
"items" : [
{
"delete" : {
"_index" : "website",
"_type" : "blog",
"_id" : "123",
"_version" : 1,
"result" : "not_found",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 1,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 0,
"_primary_term" : 1,
"status" : 404
}
},
{
"create" : {
"_index" : "website",
"_type" : "blog",
"_id" : "123",
"_version" : 2,
"result" : "created",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 1,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 1,
"_primary_term" : 1,
"status" : 201
}
},
{
"index" : {
"_index" : "website",
"_type" : "blog",
"_id" : "thn6bXQBrGHPZfvxjEyh",
"_version" : 1,
"result" : "created",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 1,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 2,
"_primary_term" : 1,
"status" : 201
}
},
{
"update" : {
"_index" : "website",
"_type" : "blog",
"_id" : "123",
"_version" : 3,
"result" : "updated",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 1,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 3,
"_primary_term" : 1,
"status" : 200
}
}
]
}
7. 样本测试数据
准备了一份顾客银行账户信息的虚构的JSON文档样本。每个文档都有下列的schema(模式)。
{
"account_number": 1,
"balance": 39225,
"firstname": "Amber",
"lastname": "Duke",
"age": 32,
"gender": "M",
"address": "880 Holmes Lane",
"employer": "Pyrami",
"email": "amberduke@pyrami.com",
"city": "Brogan",
"state": "IL"
}
https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/blob/master/docs/src/test/resources/accounts.json ,导入官方测试数据,
POST bank/account/_bulk
四、进阶检索
1. search Api
ES支持两种基本方式检索;
- 通过REST request uri 发送搜索参数 (uri +检索参数);
- 通过REST request body 来发送它们(uri+请求体);
信息检索
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/88d8002eea63e29db53e236583f146af.png#align=left&display=inline&height=462&margin=[object Object]&originHeight=462&originWidth=1063&status=done&style=none&width=1063)
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/2768e71f9406c5d0690bd7c6620d120f.png#align=left&display=inline&height=635&margin=[object Object]&originHeight=635&originWidth=950&status=done&style=none&width=950)
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/78a132f50f8d94798a5f9c1a168c9cc9.png#align=left&display=inline&height=158&margin=[object Object]&originHeight=158&originWidth=940&status=done&style=none&width=940)
uri+请求体进行检索
GET /bank/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {
} },
"sort": [
{
"account_number": "asc" },
{
"balance":"desc"}
]
}
HTTP客户端工具(),get请求不能够携带请求体,
GET bank/_search?q=*&sort=account_number:asc
返回结果:
{
"took" : 46,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 1000,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : null,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "bank",
"_type" : "account",
"_id" : "0",
"_score" : null,
"_source" : {
"account_number" : 0,
"balance" : 16623,
"firstname" : "Bradshaw",
"lastname" : "Mckenzie",
"age" : 29,
"gender" : "F",
"address" : "244 Columbus Place",
"employer" : "Euron",
"email" : "bradshawmckenzie@euron.com",
"city" : "Hobucken",
"state" : "CO"
},
"sort" : [
0
]
},
{
"_index" : "bank",
"_type" : "account",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : null,
"_source" : {
"account_number" : 1,
"balance" : 39225,
"firstname" : "Amber",
"lastname" : "Duke",
"age" : 32,
"gender" : "M",
"address" : "880 Holmes Lane",
"employer" : "Pyrami",
"email" : "amberduke@pyrami.com",
"city" : "Brogan",
"state" : "IL"
},
"sort" : [
1
]
},
{
"_index" : "bank",
"_type" : "account",
"_id" : "2",
"_score" : null,
"_source" : {
"account_number" : 2,
"balance" : 28838,
"firstname" : "Roberta",
"lastname" : "Bender",
"age" : 22,
"gender" : "F",
"address" : "560 Kingsway Place",
"employer" : "Chillium",
"email" : "robertabender@chillium.com",
"city" : "Bennett",
"state" : "LA"
},
"sort" : [
2
]
},
{
"_index" : "bank",
"_type" : "account",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : null,
"_source" : {
"account_number" : 3,
"balance" : 44947,
"firstname" : "Levine",
"lastname" : "Burks",
"age" : 26,
"gender" : "F",
"address" : "328 Wilson Avenue",
"employer" : "Amtap",
"email" : "levineburks@amtap.com",
"city" : "Cochranville",
"state" : "HI"
},
"sort" : [
3
]
},
{
"_index" : "bank",
"_type" : "account",
"_id" : "4",
"_score" : null,
"_source" : {
"account_number" : 4,
"balance" : 27658,
"firstname" : "Rodriquez",
"lastname" : "Flores",
"age" : 31,
"gender" : "F",
"address" : "986 Wyckoff Avenue",
"employer" : "Tourmania",
"email" : "rodriquezflores@tourmania.com",
"city" : "Eastvale",
"state" : "HI"
},
"sort" : [
4
]
},
{
"_index" : "bank",
"_type" : "account",
"_id" : "5",
"_score" : null,
"_source" : {
"account_number" : 5,
"balance" : 29342,
"firstname" : "Leola",
"lastname" : "Stewart",
"age" : 30,
"gender" : "F",
"address" : "311 Elm Place",
"employer" : "Diginetic",
"email" : "leolastewart@diginetic.com",
"city" : "Fairview",
"state" : "NJ"
},
"sort" : [
5
]
},
{
"_index" : "bank",
"_type" : "account",
"_id" : "6",
"_score" : null,
"_source" : {
"account_number" : 6,
"balance" : 5686,
"firstname" : "Hattie",
"lastname" : "Bond",
"age" : 36,
"gender" : "M",
"address" : "671 Bristol Street",
"employer" : "Netagy",
"email" : "hattiebond@netagy.com",
"city" : "Dante",
"state" : "TN"
},
"sort" : [
6
]
},
{
"_index" : "bank",
"_type" : "account",
"_id" : "7",
"_score" : null,
"_source" : {
"account_number" : 7,
"balance" : 39121,
"firstname" : "Levy",
"lastname" : "Richard",
"age" : 22,
"gender" : "M",
"address" : "820 Logan Street",
"employer" : "Teraprene",
"email" : "levyrichard@teraprene.com",
"city" : "Shrewsbury",
"state" : "MO"
},
"sort" : [
7
]
},
{
"_index" : "bank",
"_type" : "account",
"_id" : "8",
"_score" : null,
"_source" : {
"account_number" : 8,
"balance" : 48868,
"firstname" : "Jan",
"lastname" : "Burns",
"age" : 35,
"gender" : "M",
"address" : "699 Visitation Place",
"employer" : "Glasstep",
"email" : "janburns@glasstep.com",
"city" : "Wakulla",
"state" : "AZ"
},
"sort" : [
8
]
},
{
"_index" : "bank",
"_type" : "account",
"_id" : "9",
"_score" : null,
"_source" : {
"account_number" : 9,
"balance" : 24776,
"firstname" : "Opal",
"lastname" : "Meadows",
"age" : 39,
"gender" : "M",
"address" : "963 Neptune Avenue",
"employer" : "Cedward",
"email" : "opalmeadows@cedward.com",
"city" : "Olney",
"state" : "OH"
},
"sort" : [
9
]
}
]
}
}
(1)只有6条数据,这是因为存在分页查询;
(2)详细的字段信息,参照: https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/getting-started-search.html
The response also provides the following information about the search request:
took
– how long it took Elasticsearch to run the query, in millisecondstimed_out
– whether or not the search request timed out_shards
– how many shards were searched and a breakdown of how many shards succeeded, failed, or were skipped.max_score
– the score of the most relevant document foundhits.total.value
- how many matching documents were foundhits.sort
- the document’s sort position (when not sorting by relevance score)hits._score
- the document’s relevance score (not applicable when usingmatch_all
)