centOS 7（linux）通过yum 命令安装 MariaDB（mysql）

以下操作都以 root 用户进行操作!!!

安装

安装 mariadb 服务

 yum install -y mariadb-server

安装 mariadb 命令行客户端

 yum install -y mariadb

安装 mariadb C library

 yum install -y mariadb-libs

安装 mariadb 开发包

 yum install -y mariadb-devel

更改配置

更改 /etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf 文件（可以使用 vim 命令进行更改 ）
[client] 下加一行配置 default-character-set=utf8
vim /etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf
i （编辑）
：wq （保存）

最终内容

#
# These two groups are read by the client library
# Use it for options that affect all clients, but not the server
#


[client]
default-character-set = utf8

# This group is not read by mysql client library,
# If you use the same .cnf file for MySQL and MariaDB,
# use it for MariaDB-only client options
[client-mariadb]

更改 /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf 文件

[mysql] 下加一行配置 default-character-set=utf8

最终内容

#
# These groups are read by MariaDB command-line tools
# Use it for options that affect only one utility
#

[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8

[mysql_upgrade]

[mysqladmin]

[mysqlbinlog]

[mysqlcheck]

[mysqldump]

[mysqlimport]

[mysqlshow]

[mysqlslap]

更改 /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf 配置

[mysqld] 下加配置

collation-server = utf8_general_ci

init-connect=‘SET NAMES utf8’

character-set-server = utf8

sql-mode = TRADITIONAL

最终内容

#
# These groups are read by MariaDB server.
# Use it for options that only the server (but not clients) should see
#
# See the examples of server my.cnf files in /usr/share/mysql/
#

# this is read by the standalone daemon and embedded servers
[server]

# this is only for the mysqld standalone daemon
[mysqld]
collation-server = utf8_general_ci
init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8

sql-mode = TRADITIONAL

# this is only for embedded server
[embedded]

# This group is only read by MariaDB-5.5 servers.
# If you use the same .cnf file for MariaDB of different versions,
# use this group for options that older servers don't understand
[mysqld-5.5]

# These two groups are only read by MariaDB servers, not by MySQL.
# If you use the same .cnf file for MySQL and MariaDB,
# you can put MariaDB-only options here
[mariadb]

[mariadb-5.5]

启动

启动服务

systemctl start mariadb

设置服务开启自启动

systemctl enable mariadb

查看服务状态

systemctl status mariadb

可能的输出为，注意到 Active 状态为 active (running)

● mariadb.service - MariaDB database server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2020-07-27 00:12:36 CST; 46min ago
 Main PID: 12090 (mysqld_safe)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
           ├─12090 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/usr
           └─12325 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --log-error=/var/log/maria...

Jul 27 00:12:34 iZ8vbhdz9q4qbp3kderxgvZ mariadb-prepare-db-dir[12007]: MySQL manual for more instructions.
Jul 27 00:12:34 iZ8vbhdz9q4qbp3kderxgvZ mariadb-prepare-db-dir[12007]: Please report any problems at http://mariadb.org/jira
Jul 27 00:12:34 iZ8vbhdz9q4qbp3kderxgvZ mariadb-prepare-db-dir[12007]: The latest information about MariaDB is available at http://mariadb.org/.
Jul 27 00:12:34 iZ8vbhdz9q4qbp3kderxgvZ mariadb-prepare-db-dir[12007]: You can find additional information about the MySQL part at:
Jul 27 00:12:34 iZ8vbhdz9q4qbp3kderxgvZ mariadb-prepare-db-dir[12007]: http://dev.mysql.com
Jul 27 00:12:34 iZ8vbhdz9q4qbp3kderxgvZ mariadb-prepare-db-dir[12007]: Consider joining MariaDB's strong and vibrant community:
Jul 27 00:12:34 iZ8vbhdz9q4qbp3kderxgvZ mariadb-prepare-db-dir[12007]: https://mariadb.org/get-involved/
Jul 27 00:12:34 iZ8vbhdz9q4qbp3kderxgvZ mysqld_safe[12090]: 200727 00:12:34 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log'.
Jul 27 00:12:34 iZ8vbhdz9q4qbp3kderxgvZ mysqld_safe[12090]: 200727 00:12:34 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
Jul 27 00:12:36 iZ8vbhdz9q4qbp3kderxgvZ systemd[1]: Started MariaDB database server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

测试连接

使用命令行客户端尝试连接

mysql -uroot

可能的输出为

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>

目前我们的 mariadb 用户是没有密码的，是非常不安全的，需要执行以下步骤（步骤 是在linux 命令下 ，需要 ctrl + s 退出数据库命令行）

 mysql_secure_installation

选择 Y/N 的时候都选 Y，
在

New password:

Re-enter new password:

时设置你自己的 root 密码

使用命令行客户端尝试连接（带密码）

 mysql -uroot -p

输入你刚才设置的密码，可能的输出为

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>

这样就设置成功了可以正常使用了