用C++设计一个简单的通讯录管理系统,下面是整体设计思路的详细解释:
总体设计思路
1. 通过结构体定义了联系人信息和通讯录,将联系人信息存储在通讯录中。
2. 通过功能函数实现了添加、显示、删除、查找、修改和清空通讯录中的联系人信息。
3. 主函数中使用循环来展示菜单页面,并根据用户选择调用相应的功能函数。
以上是整体设计思路的详细解释。
分步详解
结构体定义
- Person结构体:用于表示每个联系人的信息,包括姓名、性别、年龄、电话号码和住址。
- Addressbooks结构体:用于表示通讯录,包括一个保存联系人信息的数组personArray 和通讯录中人员个数 m_Size。
主函数
`main`
- 创建了一个 `Addressbooks` 结构体变量 `abs`,并初始化了通讯录中当前人员个数为0。
- 使用一个 `while` 循环来显示菜单页面,并根据用户的选择调用相应的功能函数。
功能函数:
1. **添加联系人**:允许用户输入新的联系人信息,并将其添加到通讯录中。
//1.添加联系人
void addPerson(Addressbooks * abs)
{
//判断通讯录是否已满,如果满了就不再添加
if (abs->m_Size == MAX)
{
cout << "通讯录人数已满,无法继续添加" << endl;
return;
}
else
{
//添加具体联系人
//姓名
string name;
cout << "请输入姓名:" << endl;
cin >> name;
abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Name = name;
//性别
int sex = 0;
cout << "请输入性别:" << endl;
cout << "1-----男" << endl;
cout << "2-----女" << endl;
while (true)
{
cin >> sex;
//如果输入1或2,则可退出循环;如果输入为其他值则重新输入
if (sex == 1 || sex == 2)
{
abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Sex = sex;
break;
}
cout << "输入有误,请重新输入" << endl;
}
//年龄
cout << "请输入年龄:" << endl;
int age = 0;
cin >> age;
abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Age = age;
//电话
cout << "请输入联系电话" << endl;
string phone;
cin >> phone;
abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Phone = phone;
//住址
cout << "请输入家庭住址" << endl;
string address;
cin >> address;
abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Addr = address;
//更新通讯录人数
abs->m_Size++;
cout << "添加成功" << endl;
system("pause");//按任意键继续
}
}
2. **显示联系人**:显示通讯录中所有联系人的信息,如姓名、性别、年龄等。
//2.显示联系人
void showPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
//判断通讯录中人数是否为0,若为0,则输出空
//如果不为0,则显示通讯录中联系人信息
if (abs->m_Size == 0)
{
cout << "当前记录为空" << endl;
}
else
{
for (int i = 0; i < abs->m_Size; i++)
{
cout << "姓名: " << abs->personArray[i].m_Name << "\t";
cout << "性别: " <<( abs->personArray[i].m_Sex ==1? "男" : "女") << "\t";
cout << "年龄: " << abs->personArray[i].m_Age << "\t";
cout << "电话: " << abs->personArray[i].m_Phone << "\t";
cout << "住址: " << abs->personArray[i].m_Addr << endl;
}
}
system("pause");//按任意键继续
}
//检测联系人是否存在,若存在则返回联系人所在数组的具体位置,否则返回-1
int isExist(Addressbooks* abs, string name)
{
//若找到了,返回位置
for (int i = 0; i < abs->m_Size; i++)
{
if (abs->personArray[i].m_Name == name)
{
return i;
}
}
return -1;//没找到,返回-1
}
3. **删除联系人**:允许用户根据姓名或其他标识符删除特定的联系人。
//3.删除联系人
void deletePerson(Addressbooks * abs)
{
cout << "请输入所要删除联系人姓名" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
//ret!=-1,查到了
//ret==-1,没查到
int ret = isExist(abs, name);
if (ret != -1)
{
//查到此人,执行删除操作
for (int i = ret; i < abs->m_Size; i++)
{
//数据前移
abs->personArray[i] = abs->personArray[i + 1];
}
abs->m_Size--;//更新通讯录里的人数
cout << "删除成功" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "查无此人,无法删除" << endl;
}
system("pause");//按任意键继续
}
4. **查找联系人**:允许用户根据姓名或其他标识符查找特定的联系人。
//4.查找联系人
void findPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
cout << "请输入您要查找的联系人" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
//判断指定的联系人是否存在通讯录中
int ret = isExist(abs,name);
if (ret != -1)//找到联系人
{
cout << "查找成功" << endl;
cout << "姓名: " << abs->personArray[ret].m_Name << "\t";
cout << "性别: " << (abs->personArray[ret].m_Sex == 1 ? "男" : "女") << "\t";
cout << "年龄: " << abs->personArray[ret].m_Age << "\t";
cout << "电话: " << abs->personArray[ret].m_Phone << "\t";
cout << "住址: " << abs->personArray[ret].m_Addr << endl;
}
else//未找到联系人
{
cout << "查无此人" << endl;
}
system("pause");//按任意键继续
}
5. **修改联系人**:允许用户更新或修改现有联系人的信息,如电话号码、电子邮件等。
//5.修改联系人
void modifyPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
cout << "请输入所要修改联系人的姓名" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
//判断该联系人是否存在
int ret = isExist(abs, name);
if (ret != -1)//找到联系人
{
//打印所要修改联系人信息
cout << "查找成功" << endl;
cout << "姓名: " << abs->personArray[ret].m_Name << "\t";
cout << "性别: " << (abs->personArray[ret].m_Sex == 1 ? "男" : "女") << "\t";
cout << "年龄: " << abs->personArray[ret].m_Age << "\t";
cout << "电话: " << abs->personArray[ret].m_Phone << "\t";
cout << "住址: " << abs->personArray[ret].m_Addr << endl;
//修改联系人信息
//姓名
string name;
cout << "请输入姓名:" << endl;
cin >> name;
abs->personArray[ret].m_Name = name;
//性别
int sex = 0;
cout << "请输入性别:" << endl;
cout << "1-----男" << endl;
cout << "2-----女" << endl;
while (true)
{
cin >> sex;
//如果输入1或2,则可退出循环;如果输入为其他值则重新输入
if (sex == 1 || sex == 2)
{
abs->personArray[ret].m_Sex = sex;
break;
}
cout << "输入有误,请重新输入" << endl;
}
//年龄
cout << "请输入年龄:" << endl;
int age = 0;
cin >> age;
abs->personArray[ret].m_Age = age;
//电话
cout << "请输入联系电话" << endl;
string phone;
cin >> phone;
abs->personArray[ret].m_Phone = phone;
//住址
cout << "请输入家庭住址" << endl;
string address;
cin >> address;
abs->personArray[ret].m_Addr = address;
cout << "修改成功" << endl;
cout << "修改后该联系人信息为: " << endl;
cout << "姓名: " << abs->personArray[ret].m_Name << "\t";
cout << "性别: " << (abs->personArray[ret].m_Sex == 1 ? "男" : "女") << "\t";
cout << "年龄: " << abs->personArray[ret].m_Age << "\t";
cout << "电话: " << abs->personArray[ret].m_Phone << "\t";
cout << "住址: " << abs->personArray[ret].m_Addr << endl;
}
else//没有找到
{
cout << "查无此人" << endl;
}
system("pause");//按任意键继续
}
6. **清空通讯录**:允许用户删除通讯录中的所有联系人,将通讯录重置为空。
//6.清空联系人
void cleanPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
abs->m_Size = 0;
cout << "通讯录已清空" << endl;
system("pause");//按任意键继续
}
这些功能使用户能够方便地管理通讯录中的联系人信息,包括添加新联系人、查找和修改现有联系人的信息,以及清空整个通讯录。
完整源码如下所示
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
#define MAX 1000 //最大人数
//联系人结构体
struct Person
{
string m_Name;//姓名
int m_Sex;//性别,男1,女2
int m_Age;//年龄
string m_Phone;//电话号码
string m_Addr;//住址
};
//通讯录结构体
struct Addressbooks
{
struct Person personArray[MAX];//通讯录里保存的联系人数组
int m_Size;//通讯录中人员个数
};
//1.添加联系人
void addPerson(Addressbooks * abs)
{
//判断通讯录是否已满,如果满了就不再添加
if (abs->m_Size == MAX)
{
cout << "通讯录人数已满,无法继续添加" << endl;
return;
}
else
{
//添加具体联系人
//姓名
string name;
cout << "请输入姓名:" << endl;
cin >> name;
abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Name = name;
//性别
int sex = 0;
cout << "请输入性别:" << endl;
cout << "1-----男" << endl;
cout << "2-----女" << endl;
while (true)
{
cin >> sex;
//如果输入1或2,则可退出循环;如果输入为其他值则重新输入
if (sex == 1 || sex == 2)
{
abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Sex = sex;
break;
}
cout << "输入有误,请重新输入" << endl;
}
//年龄
cout << "请输入年龄:" << endl;
int age = 0;
cin >> age;
abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Age = age;
//电话
cout << "请输入联系电话" << endl;
string phone;
cin >> phone;
abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Phone = phone;
//住址
cout << "请输入家庭住址" << endl;
string address;
cin >> address;
abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Addr = address;
//更新通讯录人数
abs->m_Size++;
cout << "添加成功" << endl;
system("pause");//按任意键继续
}
}
//2.显示联系人
void showPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
//判断通讯录中人数是否为0,若为0,则输出空
//如果不为0,则显示通讯录中联系人信息
if (abs->m_Size == 0)
{
cout << "当前记录为空" << endl;
}
else
{
for (int i = 0; i < abs->m_Size; i++)
{
cout << "姓名: " << abs->personArray[i].m_Name << "\t";
cout << "性别: " <<( abs->personArray[i].m_Sex ==1? "男" : "女") << "\t";
cout << "年龄: " << abs->personArray[i].m_Age << "\t";
cout << "电话: " << abs->personArray[i].m_Phone << "\t";
cout << "住址: " << abs->personArray[i].m_Addr << endl;
}
}
system("pause");//按任意键继续
}
//检测联系人是否存在,若存在则返回联系人所在数组的具体位置,否则返回-1
int isExist(Addressbooks* abs, string name)
{
//若找到了,返回位置
for (int i = 0; i < abs->m_Size; i++)
{
if (abs->personArray[i].m_Name == name)
{
return i;
}
}
return -1;//没找到,返回-1
}
//3.删除联系人
void deletePerson(Addressbooks * abs)
{
cout << "请输入所要删除联系人姓名" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
//ret!=-1,查到了
//ret==-1,没查到
int ret = isExist(abs, name);
if (ret != -1)
{
//查到此人,执行删除操作
for (int i = ret; i < abs->m_Size; i++)
{
//数据前移
abs->personArray[i] = abs->personArray[i + 1];
}
abs->m_Size--;//更新通讯录里的人数
cout << "删除成功" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "查无此人,无法删除" << endl;
}
system("pause");//按任意键继续
}
//4.查找联系人
void findPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
cout << "请输入您要查找的联系人" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
//判断指定的联系人是否存在通讯录中
int ret = isExist(abs,name);
if (ret != -1)//找到联系人
{
cout << "查找成功" << endl;
cout << "姓名: " << abs->personArray[ret].m_Name << "\t";
cout << "性别: " << (abs->personArray[ret].m_Sex == 1 ? "男" : "女") << "\t";
cout << "年龄: " << abs->personArray[ret].m_Age << "\t";
cout << "电话: " << abs->personArray[ret].m_Phone << "\t";
cout << "住址: " << abs->personArray[ret].m_Addr << endl;
}
else//未找到联系人
{
cout << "查无此人" << endl;
}
system("pause");//按任意键继续
}
//5.修改联系人
void modifyPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
cout << "请输入所要修改联系人的姓名" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
//判断该联系人是否存在
int ret = isExist(abs, name);
if (ret != -1)//找到联系人
{
//打印所要修改联系人信息
cout << "查找成功" << endl;
cout << "姓名: " << abs->personArray[ret].m_Name << "\t";
cout << "性别: " << (abs->personArray[ret].m_Sex == 1 ? "男" : "女") << "\t";
cout << "年龄: " << abs->personArray[ret].m_Age << "\t";
cout << "电话: " << abs->personArray[ret].m_Phone << "\t";
cout << "住址: " << abs->personArray[ret].m_Addr << endl;
//修改联系人信息
//姓名
string name;
cout << "请输入姓名:" << endl;
cin >> name;
abs->personArray[ret].m_Name = name;
//性别
int sex = 0;
cout << "请输入性别:" << endl;
cout << "1-----男" << endl;
cout << "2-----女" << endl;
while (true)
{
cin >> sex;
//如果输入1或2,则可退出循环;如果输入为其他值则重新输入
if (sex == 1 || sex == 2)
{
abs->personArray[ret].m_Sex = sex;
break;
}
cout << "输入有误,请重新输入" << endl;
}
//年龄
cout << "请输入年龄:" << endl;
int age = 0;
cin >> age;
abs->personArray[ret].m_Age = age;
//电话
cout << "请输入联系电话" << endl;
string phone;
cin >> phone;
abs->personArray[ret].m_Phone = phone;
//住址
cout << "请输入家庭住址" << endl;
string address;
cin >> address;
abs->personArray[ret].m_Addr = address;
cout << "修改成功" << endl;
cout << "修改后该联系人信息为: " << endl;
cout << "姓名: " << abs->personArray[ret].m_Name << "\t";
cout << "性别: " << (abs->personArray[ret].m_Sex == 1 ? "男" : "女") << "\t";
cout << "年龄: " << abs->personArray[ret].m_Age << "\t";
cout << "电话: " << abs->personArray[ret].m_Phone << "\t";
cout << "住址: " << abs->personArray[ret].m_Addr << endl;
}
else//没有找到
{
cout << "查无此人" << endl;
}
system("pause");//按任意键继续
}
//6.清空联系人
void cleanPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
abs->m_Size = 0;
cout << "通讯录已清空" << endl;
system("pause");//按任意键继续
}
//菜单界面
void showMenu()
{
cout << "**********************" << endl;
cout << "*****1.添加联系人*****" << endl;
cout << "*****2.显示联系人*****" << endl;
cout << "*****3.删除联系人*****" << endl;
cout << "*****4.查找联系人*****" << endl;
cout << "*****5.修改联系人*****" << endl;
cout << "*****6.清空联系人*****" << endl;
cout << "*****0.退出通讯录*****" << endl;
cout << "**********************" << endl;
}
int main()
{
//创建通讯录结构体变量
Addressbooks abs;
//初始化通讯录中当前人员个数
abs.m_Size = 0;
int select = 0;//创建用户输入选择变量
while (true)
{
//菜单页面的调用
showMenu();
cin >> select;//输入
switch (select)
{
case 1://1.添加联系人
addPerson(&abs);//利用地址传递
break;
case 2://2.显示联系人
showPerson(&abs);
break;
case 3://3.删除联系人
{
deletePerson(&abs);
break;
}
case 4://4.查找联系人
findPerson(&abs);
break;
case 5://5.修改联系人
modifyPerson(&abs);
break;
case 6://6.清空联系人
cleanPerson(&abs);
break;
case 0://0.退出通讯录
cout << "欢迎下次使用!" << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
break;
}
}
}