JDK源码——java.util.concurrent(六)

测试代码:
https://github.com/kevindai007/springboot_houseSearch/tree/master/src/test/java/com/kevindai/juc

CyclicBarrier

咱们首先通过一个demo来了解CyclicBarrier的用法和特点

public class CyclicBarrierTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(10);


        for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
            Runnable run = new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    System.out.println("线程开始" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
                    try {
                        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    try {
                        cyclicBarrier.await();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println("线程开始启动!"  + Thread.currentThread().getName());
                }
            };

            Thread thread = new Thread(run,"Thread" + i);
            thread.start();
        }
    }
}

这里能看到CyclicBarrier会让调用await()的线程等待,把CyclicBarrier的资源获取完之后,所有的线程一起运行.

下面咱们一起看看其源码.先看看构造函数

    public CyclicBarrier(int parties) {
        this(parties, null);
    }
    //传入可获取的资源数及资源被获取完时执行的命令
    public CyclicBarrier(int parties, Runnable barrierAction) {
        if (parties <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        this.parties = parties;
        this.count = parties;
        this.barrierCommand = barrierAction;
    }

再来看看await()方法

    public int await() throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException {
        try {
            return dowait(false, 0L);
        } catch (TimeoutException toe) {
            throw new Error(toe); // cannot happen
        }
    }

    private int dowait(boolean timed, long nanos)
        throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException,
               TimeoutException {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            //CyclicBarrier可重复使用,用于做判断是否在同一个条件中
            final Generation g = generation;
            //为true表示已经被打破,抛异常
            if (g.broken)
                throw new BrokenBarrierException();
            //如果线程被中断,那么打破屏障,唤醒屏障前的其他等待线程，抛出异常  
            if (Thread.interrupted()) {
                breakBarrier();
                throw new InterruptedException();
            }
            //剩余资源数减一
            int index = --count;
            //如果最后一个资源被获取,那么执行barrierCommand,然后唤醒所有线程
            if (index == 0) {  // tripped
                boolean ranAction = false;
                try {
                    final Runnable command = barrierCommand;
                    if (command != null)
                        command.run();
                    ranAction = true;
                    //唤醒屏障前其他等待线程,重置count和new generation
                    nextGeneration();
                    return 0;
                } finally {
                    if (!ranAction)
                        breakBarrier();
                }
            }

            //如果还有资源可以被其他线程获取,那么自旋等待
            for (;;) {
                try {
                    if (!timed)
                        trip.await();
                    else if (nanos > 0L)
                        nanos = trip.awaitNanos(nanos);
                } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
                    //如果await的线程被中断，检查下generation
                    if (g == generation && ! g.broken) {
                        //处于当前generation并且屏障没有被打破,那就打破屏障
                        breakBarrier();
                        throw ie;
                    } else {
                        Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
                    }
                }
                if (g.broken)
                    throw new BrokenBarrierException();

                if (g != generation)
                    return index;

                if (timed && nanos <= 0L) {
                    breakBarrier();
                    throw new TimeoutException();
                }
            }
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    //当资源被减完时调用此方法,让所有等待线程继续执行,重置count,设置一个新的Generation
    private void nextGeneration() {
        // signal completion of last generation
        trip.signalAll();
        // set up next generation
        count = parties;
        generation = new Generation();
    }
    //打破屏障
    private void breakBarrier() {
        generation.broken = true;
        count = parties;
        trip.signalAll();
    }

CyclicBarrier的主要方法到这里就分析完了,主要是用了ReentrantLock+Condition+int count组成,没用 AQS;
注意与CountDownLatch的区别:

• CountDownLatch是等待所有线程运行完成之后,然后去运行另外一个(或一组)线程;而CyclicBarrier则是一组线程相互等待,当所有线程准备完毕之后,这组线程一起执行,且可以在等待完成后执行一个屏障命令
• CountDownLatch只能使用一次,而CyclicBarrier正常结束后调用nextGeneration初始化可以重复使用

ConcurrentHashMap

说到ConcurrentHashMap不得不先说说HashMap,还好原来分析过HashMap的源码,大家看这里,咱们直接看是看源码吧(这个不做demo了,这就是一个线程安全的HashMap用法也基本相似)

---

昨天电脑上装了换了JDK8,然后发现JDK8中ConcurrenHashMap的代码真的是复杂到家了,果断换成JDK7来研究

---

先看看看一些重要的属性

    //默认初始大小
    static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16;

    //负载因子
    static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;

    //segment的个数
    static final int DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL = 16;

    //最大容量
    static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;

    //segment中table的最小容量
    static final int MIN_SEGMENT_TABLE_CAPACITY = 2;

    //最大segent数量
    static final int MAX_SEGMENTS = 1 << 16; 

    static final int RETRIES_BEFORE_LOCK = 2;
        final int segmentMask;

    final int segmentShift;

    final Segment<K,V>[] segments;

这是主要字段,基本能够理解,下面咱们从构造方法开始开看ConcurrentHashMap的具体流程

    public ConcurrentHashMap() {
        this(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR, DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL);
    }

    public ConcurrentHashMap(int initialCapacity,
                             float loadFactor, int concurrencyLevel) {
        //参数校验
        if (!(loadFactor > 0) || initialCapacity < 0 || concurrencyLevel <= 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        //设置最大segment数量
        if (concurrencyLevel > MAX_SEGMENTS)
            concurrencyLevel = MAX_SEGMENTS;
        // Find power-of-two sizes best matching arguments
        int sshift = 0;
        int ssize = 1;//segment数量
        while (ssize < concurrencyLevel) {
            ++sshift;
            //ssize向左位移一位
            ssize <<= 1;
        }
        this.segmentShift = 32 - sshift;//segment的偏移量
        this.segmentMask = ssize - 1;//segment掩码值
        if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
            initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
        int c = initialCapacity / ssize;
        if (c * ssize < initialCapacity)
            ++c;
        int cap = MIN_SEGMENT_TABLE_CAPACITY;//2,segment大小
        while (cap < c)//这里保证每个segment的大小为2的倍数
            cap <<= 1;
        Segment<K,V> s0 =
            new Segment<K,V>(loadFactor, (int)(cap * loadFactor),
                             (HashEntry<K,V>[])new HashEntry[cap]);
        Segment<K,V>[] ss = (Segment<K,V>[])new Segment[ssize];//用ssize初始化segments数组  
        UNSAFE.putOrderedObject(ss, SBASE, s0); // ordered write of segments[0]
        this.segments = ss;
    }

构造方法中主要进行了参数校验,确认了segment的数量和大小,并初始化S0,下面看看put方法

    public V put(K key, V value) {
        Segment<K,V> s;
        //ConcurrentHashMap value不能为Null
        if (value == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        //取key的hashcode再来一次hash,2次hash打撒分布,避免冲突
        int hash = hash(key);
        //计算要存入的segment的下标 
        int j = (hash >>> segmentShift) & segmentMask;
        if ((s = (Segment<K,V>)UNSAFE.getObject          // nonvolatile; recheck
             (segments, (j << SSHIFT) + SBASE)) == null) //  in ensureSegment
            //只初始化了s0，这里确保segment存在
            s = ensureSegment(j);
        return s.put(key, hash, value, false);//掉segment的put
    }

    //因为只初始化了S0,所以要保证当存放位置不为S0时segment不为空
    private Segment<K,V> ensureSegment(int k) {
        final Segment<K,V>[] ss = this.segments;
        long u = (k << SSHIFT) + SBASE; //计算偏移量
        Segment<K,V> seg;
        if ((seg = (Segment<K,V>)UNSAFE.getObjectVolatile(ss, u)) == null) {
            Segment<K,V> proto = ss[0]; //s0不为空null,所以一些参数直接从s0获取
            int cap = proto.table.length;
            float lf = proto.loadFactor;
            int threshold = (int)(cap * lf);
             //构造segment里面的table
            HashEntry<K,V>[] tab = (HashEntry<K,V>[])new HashEntry[cap];
            if ((seg = (Segment<K,V>)UNSAFE.getObjectVolatile(ss, u))
                == null) { // recheck
                Segment<K,V> s = new Segment<K,V>(lf, threshold, tab);
                //自旋+cas保证存储位置一定设置成功
                while ((seg = (Segment<K,V>)UNSAFE.getObjectVolatile(ss, u))
                       == null) {
                    if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(ss, u, null, seg = s))
                        break;
                }
            }
        }
        return seg;
    }

这时咱们来看看Segment是怎么实现的

static final class Segment<K,V> extends ReentrantLock implements Serializable {
    //segment中的table
    transient volatile HashEntry<K,V>[] table;
    //链表长度,即元素数量
    transient int count;
    //修改次数
    transient int modCount;
    //极限值,当table中包含的HashEntry元素的个数超过此值时,触发table的再散列
    transient int threshold;
    //加载因子
    final float loadFactor;
    Segment(float lf, int threshold, HashEntry<K,V>[] tab) {
            this.loadFactor = lf;
            this.threshold = threshold;
            this.table = tab;
    }
        //Concurrent的put操作,其实就是找到相应的Sement然后调用此put方法
        final V put(K key, int hash, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent) {
            //首先尝试加锁,加锁失败则调用scanAndLockForPut自旋加锁
            HashEntry<K,V> node = tryLock() ? null :
                scanAndLockForPut(key, hash, value);
            V oldValue;
            try {
                HashEntry<K,V>[] tab = table;
                //在table中查找key对应的位置
                int index = (tab.length - 1) & hash;
                //获取第一个节点
                HashEntry<K,V> first = entryAt(tab, index);
                for (HashEntry<K,V> e = first;;) {
                    //节点存在就检查是否存在相同的key,如果存在则覆盖值
                    if (e != null) {
                        K k;
                        if ((k = e.key) == key ||
                            (e.hash == hash && key.equals(k))) {
                            oldValue = e.value;
                            if (!onlyIfAbsent) {
                                e.value = value;
                                ++modCount;
                            }
                            break;
                        }
                        e = e.next;
                    }
                    else {//不存在就新建一个
                        if (node != null)
                            node.setNext(first);
                        else
                            node = new HashEntry<K,V>(hash, key, value, first);
                        int c = count + 1;
                        //超过长度则rehash
                        if (c > threshold && tab.length < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
                            rehash(node);
                        else
                            setEntryAt(tab, index, node);
                        ++modCount;
                        count = c;
                        oldValue = null;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            } finally {
                unlock();
            }
            return oldValue;
        }
        private void rehash(HashEntry<K,V> node) {          
        HashEntry<K,V>[] oldTable = table;  
        int oldCapacity = oldTable.length;  
        int newCapacity = oldCapacity << 1; //新table大小  
        threshold = (int)(newCapacity * loadFactor); //新的极限值  
        HashEntry<K,V>[] newTable =  
            (HashEntry<K,V>[]) new HashEntry[newCapacity]; //创建新的table数组  
        int sizeMask = newCapacity - 1; //计算具体位置时用，跟hashmap计算方式一样  
        for (int i = 0; i < oldCapacity ; i++) { //循环oldtable  
            HashEntry<K,V> e = oldTable[i];  
            if (e != null) {  
                HashEntry<K,V> next = e.next;  
                int idx = e.hash & sizeMask;   
                if (next == null)   //  只有一个节点，直接移过去  
                    newTable[idx] = e;  
                else { // 节点重用  
                    HashEntry<K,V> lastRun = e;  
                    int lastIdx = idx;  
                    //下面2个for循环的逻辑是lastRun，last从next节点往后移，最后lastRun指向最后一个转移到新table的index不变的节点  
                    //比较乱，画图走几遍，意思就是说假如原来的table[1]有10个节点，然后不停计算节点在newtable的位置，很可能从第四个节点的时候开始，  
                    //后面的所有节点在newtable中的存储位置都一样了，那么我newtable只要把第4个节点直接放过去就行，然后从链表头开始处理其他节点，  
                    //就不用把所有节点都新建一遍了  
                    for (HashEntry<K,V> last = next;  
                         last != null;  
                         last = last.next) {  
                        int k = last.hash & sizeMask;  
                        if (k != lastIdx) {  
                            lastIdx = k;  
                            lastRun = last;  
                        }  
                    }  
                    newTable[lastIdx] = lastRun; //直接lastRun设置到newtable  
                    // 复制其他节点  
                    for (HashEntry<K,V> p = e; p != lastRun; p = p.next) {  
                        V v = p.value;  
                        int h = p.hash;  
                        int k = h & sizeMask;  
                        HashEntry<K,V> n = newTable[k];  
                        newTable[k] = new HashEntry<K,V>(h, p.key, v, n);  
                    }  
                }  
            }  
        }  
        int nodeIndex = node.hash & sizeMask; // 把新节点加入到newtable  
        node.setNext(newTable[nodeIndex]);  
        newTable[nodeIndex] = node;  
        table = newTable;  
    }  

    /** 
     * 自旋尝试加锁，不成功扫描对应位置的链表，如果链表中key不存在就创建一个node，达到最大次数后就阻塞加锁，如果key存在返回的null 
     * 处理过程中其他线程改变了链表结构，那就重头再来 
     */  
    private HashEntry<K,V> scanAndLockForPut(K key, int hash, V value) {  
        HashEntry<K,V> first = entryForHash(this, hash);  
        HashEntry<K,V> e = first;  
        HashEntry<K,V> node = null;  
        int retries = -1; // negative while locating node  
        while (!tryLock()) {  
            HashEntry<K,V> f; // to recheck first below  
            if (retries < 0) {  
                if (e == null) { //基本就是查找key不存在就创建一个,存在就trylock一直到次数限制，再不行就阻塞加锁  
                    if (node == null)   
                        node = new HashEntry<K,V>(hash, key, value, null);  
                    retries = 0;  
                }  
                else if (key.equals(e.key))  
                    retries = 0;  
                else  
                    e = e.next;  
            }  
            else if (++retries > MAX_SCAN_RETRIES) { //超过最大尝试次数，那么就lock阻塞，单核1，多核64  
                lock();  
                break;  
            }  
            else if ((retries & 1) == 0 &&  
                     (f = entryForHash(this, hash)) != first) { //隔一次检查一遍尝试的时候发现链表的首节点变化了，也就是有别的线程操作了，那就重来  
                e = first = f; // re-traverse if entry changed  
                retries = -1;  
            }  
        }  
        return node;  
    } 
}

可以看到Segment继承了ReentrantLock,因此在put方法中能保证线程安全.通过Segment中比较重要的方法基本就是这些,但其中还有很多看不懂的地方,会继续努力的