网络参数:
Linux: IP 192.168.100.1--192.168.100.254 Netmask: 255.255.255.0 Nerwork: 192.168.100.0 Broadcast: 192.168.100.255 Default Gateway: 192.168.100.254 DNS: 168.95.1.1 Windows XP: IP:192.168.100.20 Nermask:255.255.255.0 Default Gateway: 192.168.100.254 DNS: 168.95.1.1 工作组:JLCSS 计算机名称:winxp
网卡信息
# 观察内核所捕捉到的网卡信息 [root@CentOS ~]# dmesg | grep -in eth2 1405:e1000: eth2: e1000_probe: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection 1407:udev: renamed network interface eth1 to eth1-eth2 1408:udev: renamed network interface eth2 to eth1 1409:udev: renamed network interface eth1-eth2 to eth2 1435:e1000: eth2 NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None 1441:eth2: no IPv6 routers present 2115:e1000: eth2 NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None 2119:eth2: no IPv6 routers present # 也可以通过 lspci 来查询设备芯片数据 [root@CentOS ~]# lspci | grep -i eth 02:01.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82545EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) (rev 01) # 观察网卡模块 [root@CentOS ~]# lsmod | grep 1000 e1000 107170 0 [root@CentOS ~]# modinfo e1000 filename: /lib/modules/2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/net/e1000/e1000.ko version: 7.3.21-k6-NAPI license: GPL description: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver author: Intel Corporation, <linux.nics@intel.com> srcversion: B36FC449E16DAE8ACAD15A9
网络相关的配置文件
# /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg.conf-eth0 DEVICE=网卡名称 BOOTPROTO=是否使用DHCP HWADDR=是否加入网卡MAC地址 IPADDR=IP地址 NETMASK=子网掩码 ONBOOT=要不要默认启动此接口 GATEWAY=网关地址 NM_CONTROLLED=额外的网管软件 # /etc/sysconfig/network NETWORKING=要不要使用网络 NETWORKING_IPV6=是否支持IPV6 HOSTNAME=主机名 # /etc/resolv.conf Name Server DNS Name Server DNS 的IP地址 # /etc/hosts 私有IP主机名别名 # /etc/services 包括HTTP、FTP、SSH、Telnet等服务所定义的port number # /etc/protocols 包括ICMP/TCP/UDP的数据包协议的定义 # /etc/init.d/network restart 重新启动整个网络 # ifup etn0(ifdown eth0) 启动或关闭某个网络接口,存在于/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts目录下
连接网络
# 对外网卡的信息 IP: 192.168.1.100 Netmask: 255.255.255.0 Gateway: 192.168.1.254 DNS IP: 168.95.1.1 Hostname: www.centos.vbird
修改的参数 配置文件与重要起动机脚本 查看结果的指令 IP相关参数 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 /etc/init.d/network restart ifconfig(IP/Netmask) route -n (gateway DNS /etc/resolv.conf dig www.google.com 主机名 /etc/sysconfig/network /etc/hosts hostname (主机名) ping $(hostname) reboot # IP/Netmask/Gateway 的配置、启动与查看 DEVICE="eth0" HWADDR="00:0C:29:38:02:64" NM_CONTROLLED="no" ONBOOT="yes" #是否默认启动此接口 BOOTPROTO=none #dhcp或者none IPADDR=192.168.1.100 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 GATEWAY=192.168.1.254 # 下面的可以省略 NETWORK=192.168.1.0 #该网段的第一个IP BROADAST=192.168.1.255 #广播地址 MTU=1500 #最大传输单元 # 重启整个网络 [root@CentOS ~]# /etc/init.d/network restart #查看配置 [root@CentOS ~]# ifconfig eth0 eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:38:02:64 inet addr:192.168.0.206 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe38:264/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:5349 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2030 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:415303 (405.5 KiB) TX bytes:337388 (329.4 KiB) # 检查路由的定义是否正确 [root@CentOS ~]# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.254 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 # 测试看看与路由器之间是否能够连接成功呢 [root@CentOS ~]# ping -c 3 192.168.0.1 PING 192.168.0.1 (192.168.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=2.07 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=1.20 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=1.21 ms --- 192.168.0.1 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2006ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.206/1.500/2.077/0.408 ms
DNS服务器IP的定义与查看
# 查看DNS服务器能否提供域名解析 [root@CentOS ~]# dig www.google.com ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.47.rc1.el6_8.4 <<>> www.google.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 4538 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;www.google.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: www.google.com. 3600 IN A 14.215.177.38 ;; Query time: 17 msec ;; SERVER: 202.96.199.133#53(202.96.199.133) ;; WHEN: Tue Mar 28 10:24:21 2017 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 48
主机名的修改与查看
# 设置主机名 [root@CentOS ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network NETWORKING=yes HOSTNAME=www.centos.kevin # 设置主机对应IP [root@CentOS ~]# vim /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost ::1 CentOS.virtual CentOS localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6 192.168.0.206 www.centos.kevin #本机IP # 检查主机名有没有对应的IP [root@CentOS ~]# ping -c 2 www.centos.kevin #-c num:发送num个请求包 PING www.centos.kevin (192.168.0.206) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from www.centos.kevin (192.168.0.206): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.082 ms 64 bytes from www.centos.kevin (192.168.0.206): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.068 ms --- www.centos.kevin ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1001ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.068/0.075/0.082/0.007 ms
自动获取IP参数(DHCP方法,适用 Cable Modem 、IP路由器的环境)
适合用DHCP的连接方式有:
1 . Cable Modem: 使用有线电视网络实现网络连接的方式
2 . ADSL 多IP的DHCP方式
3 . IP路由器或NAT搭建了DHCP服务时[root@CentOS ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE="eth0" HWADDR="00:0C:29:38:02:64" NM_CONTROLLED="no" ONBOOT="yes" BOOTPROTO=dhcp # 重启网络 [root@CentOS ~]# /etc/init.d/network restart Shutting down interface eth0: [ OK ] Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth0: Determining IP information for eth0... done. [ OK ]
ADSL拨号上网(适用于ADSL拨号以及光纤接入)
# 安装光盘本身含有rp-pppoe,安装rp-pppoe [root@CentOS ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt [root@CentOS ~]# cd /mnt/Packages [root@CentOS Packages]# rpm -ivh rp-pppoe* ppp* [root@CentOS Packages]# rpm -q rp-pppoe rp-pppoe-3.10-16.el6.x86_64 #确实已经安装 # rp-pppoe使用Point to Point(ppp) over Ethernet 的点对点协议所产生的网络接口,因此当顺利地拨号成功后,会多产生一个网络接口ppp0 # 由于ppp0是构建在以太网卡上的,必须要有以太网卡,同时及时拨号成功后,也不能将没有用到的eth0关闭。 # 拨号成功后,会产生如下接口: # 1 . 内部回环测试用的lo接口 # 2 . 网卡etn0接口 # 3 . 拨号之后产生的通过ISP对外连接的ppp0接口
检查无线网卡开始连接
# 检查无线网卡设备 [root@CentOS ~]# lsusb Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0e0f:0003 VMware, Inc. Virtual Mouse Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0e0f:0002 VMware, Inc. Virtual USB Hub Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0bda:8187 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTL8187 Wireless Adapter # 查看模块与相应的网卡代号(modiinfo与iwconfig) [root@CentOS ~]# iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. wlan0 IEEE 802.11bg ESSID:off/any Mode:Managed Access Point: Not-Associated Tx-Power=30 dBm Retry short limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Encryption key:off Power Management:off # 利用 iwlist 侦测AP [root@CentOS ~]# ifconfig wlan0 up #启动网卡 [root@CentOS ~]# iwlist wlan0 scan Cell 03 - Address: 70:AF:6A:67:7D:2B Channel:2 Frequency:2.417 GHz (Channel 2) Quality=70/70 Signal level=-7 dBm Encryption key:on ESSID:"360WiFi-677D2B" Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s 9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s Bit Rates:24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s Mode:Master Extra:tsf=00000000c2f2a530 Extra: Last beacon: 374ms ago IE: Unknown: 000E333630576946692D363737443242 IE: Unknown: 010882848B960C121824 IE: Unknown: 030102 IE: Unknown: 2A0100 IE: Unknown: 32043048606C IE: WPA Version 1 Group Cipher : CCMP Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1 Group Cipher : CCMP Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK # 修改配置文件连接无线网络 http://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Rt2870 # 设定网卡配置文件(ifcfg-ethn) # 可以参考文件: [root@CentOS ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-wireless # 网卡设置 [root@CentOS ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-wlan0 DEVICE=wlan0 BOOTPROTO=dhcp ONBOOR=yes ESSID=360WiFi-677D2B RATE=36M # 可以严格指定传输速率,要与iwconfig相同,单位b/s # 启动与查看无线网卡 [root@CentOS ~]# ifup wlan0
常见问题说明
# 连接linux主机很慢,连接完成后速度恢复正常,原因是DNS解析查询超时 # 解决方法:给予内部的每台主机一个名称与IP的对应 # 修改/etc/hosts文件 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost ::1 CentOS.virtual CentOS localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6 192.168.0.209 www.centos.kevin 192.168.0.1 linux001 #即使用客户端的计算机名称不同也没关系,仍可以加快连接速度 192.168.0.2 linux002 192.168.0.3 linux003 # 域名无法解析的情况 # 我可以拨号上网了,也可以ping到雅虎的IP,但为何无法直接用网址连上因特网呢?这是DNS解析出错 # 修改/etc/resolv.conf文件,例如Hinet的168.95.1.1以及Seednet的139.172.10.20 [root@CentOS ~]# vim /etc/resolv.conf # Generated by NetworkManager search virtual nameserver 168.95.1.1 nameserver 139.172.10.20 # 默认网关问题 # 在每个网络的配置文件都可以指定默认网关,但是默认网关只能有一个 # 如果是拨号,请不要再eth0中指定GATEWAY或GATEWAYDEV等变量。
鸟哥的服务器《二》网络基本配置
最新推荐文章于 2023-11-14 17:50:27 发布