检测一个变量是什么类型【typeof、instanceof、Object.prototype.toString】

1、typeof
2、instanceof
3、Object.prototype.toString

例如：

typeof 123//"number"
typeof "123"//"string"
typeof true //"boolean"
function func(){}
typeof func//"function"
typeof undefined //"undefined"
typeof window //"object"
typeof {}//"object"
typeof []//"object"
typeof null // "object"

typeof 是无法检测数组的，数组的本质是一种特殊的对象，检验数组要用intanceof

var o={};
var a=[];
o instanceof Array // false
a instanceof Array // true

Object.prototype.toString能检测出所有的类型，但IE6下undefined、null均为Object类型

变量	检测语句	结果
var num = 123;	Object.prototype.toString.call(num)	‘[object Number]’
var str = “abcdef”;	Object.prototype.toString.call(str)	‘[object String]’
var bool = true;	Object.prototype.toString.call(bool)	‘[object Boolean]’
var arr = [1,2,3,4];	Object.prototype.toString.call(arr)	‘[object Array]’
{name:“苏”,age:25};	Object.prototype.toString.call(json)	‘[object Object]’
var func = function(){console.log(‘this is function’);}	Object.prototype.toString.call(func)	‘[object Function]’
var und = undefined;	Object.prototype.toString.call(und)	‘[object Undefined]’
var nul = null;	Object.prototype.toString.call(nul)	‘[object Null]’
var date = new Date();	Object.prototype.toString.call(date)	‘[object Date]’
var reg = / ^ [a-zA-Z]{5,20}$ /;	Object.prototype.toString.call(reg)	‘[object RegExp]’
var err = new Error();	Object.prototype.toString.call(err)	‘[object Error]’

总结

Number、String、Boolean 类型变量的检测：typeof

Array、JSON、Function、Undefined、Null、Date、RegExp、Error 等 Object 和 Function类型变量的检测：推荐使用Object.prototype.toString.call()