[leetcode15] 3Sum

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题目

Given an integer array nums, return all the triplets [nums[i], nums[j], nums[k]] such that i != j, i != k, and j != k, and nums[i] + nums[j] + nums[k] == 0.

Notice that the solution set must not contain duplicate triplets.

Example 1:

Input: nums = [-1,0,1,2,-1,-4]
Output: [[-1,-1,2],[-1,0,1]]
Explanation:

nums[0] + nums[1] + nums[2] = (-1) + 0 + 1 = 0.
nums[1] + nums[2] + nums[4] = 0 + 1 + (-1) = 0.
nums[0] + nums[3] + nums[4] = (-1) + 2 + (-1) = 0.

The distinct triplets are [-1,0,1] and [-1,-1,2].
Notice that the order of the output and the order of the triplets does not matter.
Example 2:

Input: nums = [0,1,1]
Output: []
Explanation: The only possible triplet does not sum up to 0.
Example 3:

Input: nums = [0,0,0]
Output: [[0,0,0]]
Explanation: The only possible triplet sums up to 0.

Constraints:

3 <= nums.length <= 3000
-105 <= nums[i] <= 105

解

简单解法：
复杂度Θ(n^2)

func threeSum(nums []int) [][]int {
	result := make([][]int, 0)
    sort.Slice(nums, func(i,j int) bool {
        return nums[i] < nums[j]
    })  // 排序
    for i := 0; i < len(nums) - 1;i++ {
    	// 第一个元素去重
        if i > 0 && nums[i] == nums[i-1] {
            continue
        }
        l, r := i+1, len(nums)-1
        for l < r {
            sum := nums[i] + nums[l] + nums[r]
            if sum < 0 {
                l += 1
            } else if sum > 0 {
                r -= 1
            } else {
                result = append(result, []int{nums[i], nums[l], nums[r]})
                // 第二个元素去重
                for l < r && nums[l] == nums[l+1] {
                    l += 1
                }
                // 第三个元素去重
                for l < r && nums[r] == nums[r-1] {
                    r -= 1
                }
                l++
                r--
            }
        }
    }
    return result
}

另一种思路：
回溯法，求符合条件的子集。缺点：运行耗时长，会Time Limit Exceede。

func isDuplicate(l1 []int, l2 []int) bool {
	sort.Slice(l1, func(i, j int) bool {
		if l1[i] > l1[j] {
			return true
		}
		return false
	})
	sort.Slice(l2, func(i, j int) bool {
		if l2[i] > l2[j] {
			return true
		}
		return false
	})
	duplicate := true
	for i, _ := range l2 {
		if l1[i] != l2[i] {
			duplicate = false
		}
	}
	return duplicate
}
func backtrack(result *[][]int, nums []int, path []int, sum int, startIndex int) {
	if len(path) == 3 && sum == 0 {
		is := false
		tmp := make([]int, 3)
		copy(tmp, path)
		for _, v := range *result {
			if isDuplicate(v, tmp) {
				is = true
				break
			}
		}
		if !is {
			res := make([]int, 3)
			copy(res, path)
			*result = append(*result, tmp)
		}
	}

	if len(path) == 3 {
		return
	}

	for i := startIndex; i < len(nums); i++ {
		path = append(path, nums[i])
		backtrack(result, nums, path, sum+nums[i], i+1)
		path = path[:len(path)-1]
	}
}

func threeSum(nums []int) [][]int {
	result := make([][]int, 0)
	path := make([]int, 0)
	backtrack(&result, nums, path, 0, 0)
	return result
}