简介
- cookie保留在浏览器客户端。
- cookie可以保留在浏览器缓存中,浏览器关闭cookie消失。
- cookie也可以保存在浏览器硬盘文件中,直到cookie失效(设定cookie有效时间到了)。
- 服务器可以向浏览器发送多个cookie。
- 浏览器是否发送请求给服务器与请求路径有关系。
cookie和请求路径绑定
- /servlet/a/b 请求服务器,服务器生成cookie,并将cookie发送给客户端。这个浏览器的cookie和 a/ 绑定在一起。也就是说以后只要 a/ 请求,cookie一定会交给服务器。
- /servlet/a 则cookie和servlet/绑定在一起。
- 路径绑定可以通过程序指定。
//创建cookie对象
Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie("name", "zhangsan");
Cookie cookie2 = new Cookie("password", "123456");
//设置cookie关联路径
cookie1.setPath(request.getContextPath()+"/king");
cookie2.setPath(request.getContextPath()+"/king");
//将cookie发送给浏览器客户端
response.addCookie(cookie1);
response.addCookie(cookie2);
cookie有效时长
- 默认情况,没有设置cookie时长,该cookie保留在浏览器缓存中,浏览器关闭cookie失效;可以通过设置cookie有效时长,该cookie保留在硬盘文件中。
1.cookie有效时长 =0 直接删除
2.cookie有效时长 <0 不会被存储
//设置cookie有效期
cookie1.setMaxAge(60*60);//一个小时
cookie2.setMaxAge(60*60);//一个小时
服务器获取cookie
//获取cookie
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
String name = cookie.getName();
String value = cookie.getValue();
if (name.equals("name")){
System.out.println(name + "=" + value);
System.out.println(URLDecoder.decode(value,"UTF-8"));
}
}
**注意:**Cookie是个好东西,我们时常会利用它来为我们的程序提供一些方便。可是Jsp中却存在不能使用中文Cookie名的问题,一旦使用了中文的名字程序就会报错java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Control character in cookie value or attribute. ,内容则会成为乱码,问题已经出现了,原因呢?根据RFC 2109中的规定,在Cookie中只能包含ASCII的编码。
//创建cookie对象
Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie("name", URLEncoder.encode("纯爷们","UTF-8"));
Cookie cookie2 = new Cookie("password", "123456");
//获取cookie
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
String name = cookie.getName();
String value = cookie.getValue();
if (name.equals("name")){
System.out.println(URLDecoder.decode(value,"UTF-8"));
}
}
10天免登陆
- 目录结构:
- 前端页面:index.jsp
<form action="/servlet/a" method="get">
姓名<input type="text" name = "name"> <br>
密码<input type="password" name = "password"><br>
<input type="checkbox" name="tenday" value="ok">10天免登陆<br>
<input type="submit" value="登陆">
</form>
- web.xml设置网页一开始进入的servlet
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>welcome</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
- 页面一开始进入的servlet:Welcomeservlet.java
package com.cym.one;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
/**
* Created by King on 2017/5/3.
*/
@WebServlet(value ="/welcome")
public class Welcomeservlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取cookie
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
String name = null;
String password = null;
for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
String cookiename = cookie.getName();
String cookievalue = cookie.getValue();
if (("name").equals(cookiename)){
name = cookievalue;
}
if ("password".equals(cookiename)) {
password = cookievalue;
}
}
if ("admin".equals(name) && "123456".equals(password)) {
//跳转成功页面
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/success.jsp");
} else {
//跳转登陆页面
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/index.jsp");
}
}
}
- 验证登陆servlet:Indexservlet
package com.cym.one;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
/**
* Created by King on 2017/5/3.
*/
@WebServlet(value ="/a")
public class Indexservlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
//获取页面传来的值
String name = request.getParameter("name");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
String tenday = request.getParameter("tenday");
//验证账号密码
if ("admin".equals(name) && "123456".equals(password)) {
//验证是否10天免登陆
if ("ok".equals(tenday)) {
//创建cookie对象
Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie("name", name);
Cookie cookie2 = new Cookie("password", password);
//设置cookie关联路径
cookie1.setPath(request.getContextPath());
cookie2.setPath(request.getContextPath());
//设置cookie有效期
cookie1.setMaxAge(60*60);//一个小时
cookie2.setMaxAge(60*60);//一个小时
//将cookie发送给浏览器客户端
response.addCookie(cookie1);
response.addCookie(cookie2);
}
//跳转成功页面
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/success.jsp");
} else {
//跳转失败页面
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/error.jsp");
}
}
}