简介
Exchanger是自jdk1.5起开始提供的工具套件,一般用于两个工作线程之间交换数据。在本文中我将采取由浅入深的方式来介绍分析这个工具类。首先我们来看看官方的api文档中的叙述:
A synchronization point at which threads can pair and swap elements within pairs. Each thread presents some object on entry to the exchange method, matches with a partner thread, and receives its partner’s object on return. An Exchanger may be viewed as a bidirectional form of a SynchronousQueue. Exchangers may be useful in applications such as genetic algorithms and pipeline designs.
在以上的描述中,有几个要点:
- 此类提供对外的操作是同步的;
- 用于成对出现的线程之间交换数据;
- 可以视作双向的同步队列;
可应用于基因算法、流水线设计等场景。
接着看api文档,这个类提供对外的接口非常简洁,一个无参构造函数,两个重载的范型exchange方法:
public V exchange(V x) throws InterruptedException
public V exchange(V x, long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException, TimeoutException
从官方的javadoc可以知道,当一个线程到达exchange调用点时,如果它的伙伴线程此前已经调用了此方法,那么它的伙伴会被调度唤醒并与之进行对象交换,然后各自返回。如果它的伙伴还没到达交换点,那么当前线程将会被挂起,直至伙伴线程到达——完成交换正常返回;或者当前线程被中断——抛出中断异常;又或者是等候超时——抛出超时异常。
exchange(V x)
示例:
package com.example.demo.three.untils.exchange;
import java.util.concurrent.Exchanger;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
/**
* @Author: CYM
* @Description:
* @Data: 2017/10/9 16:15
*/
public class ExchangerTest1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
final Exchanger<String> exchanger = new Exchanger<>();
new Thread(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"start.");
try {
final String value = exchanger.exchange("i am from A");
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ value);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"end.");
},"==A==").start();
new Thread(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"start.");
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(10);
final String value = exchanger.exchange("i am from B");
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ value);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"end.");
},"==B==").start();
}
}
打印结果:
==A==start.
==B==start.
==B==i am from A
==A==i am from B
==A==end.
==B==end.
可以看出两个线程之间数据进行了交换,B睡眠了10秒,A也等着B 10秒,数据间交换是同时进行的。
注:只能两个线程之间交换。若出现两个以上交换,交换是随机的。
exchange(V x, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
实例:
package com.example.demo.three.untils.exchange;
import java.util.concurrent.Exchanger;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
/**
* @Author: CYM
* @Description:
* @Data: 2017/10/9 16:15
*/
/**
* exchanger.exchange("i am from A",5,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
* 如果5秒没有交换数据,报超时错误
*
* 只能两个线程之间交换
*/
public class ExchangerTest1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
final Exchanger<String> exchanger = new Exchanger<>();
new Thread(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"start.");
try {
final String value = exchanger.exchange("i am from A",5,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ value);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (TimeoutException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"end.");
},"==A==").start();
new Thread(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"start.");
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(10);
final String value = exchanger.exchange("i am from B",5,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ value);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (TimeoutException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"end`
");
},"==B==").start();
}
}
抛出java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException异常,因为过了5秒还没有进行数据交换。