.NET Core 使用 Autofac 依赖注入 ASP.NET Core 依赖注入

ASP.NET Core 依赖注入   
ASP.NET Core  Autofac  
ASP.NET Core 数据库访问
Autofac 6.0.0 documentation

1、管理 NuGet 程序包
      添加 Autofac 、Autofac.Extensions.DependencyInjection 的引用


2、Startup.cs 代码
     ● 将 Startup.cs 中的 ConfigureServices 返回类型改为 IServiceProvider；
     ● 新建一个 RegisterAutofac 方法，把创建容器的代码放到其中；
     ● 新建一个 AutofacModuleRegister 类，继承 Autofac的Module；
     ● 重写 Module 的 Load 方法，来存放新组件的注入代码，避免 Startup.cs 文件代码过多混乱；

// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
//public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
public IServiceProvider ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options =>
    {
        // This lambda determines whether user consent for non-essential cookies is needed for a given request.
        options.CheckConsentNeeded = context => true;
        options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.None;
    });

    services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2);

    /// 注册Autofac
    return RegisterAutofac(services);
}

private IServiceProvider RegisterAutofac(IServiceCollection services)
{
    //实例化Autofac容器
    var builder = new ContainerBuilder();
    //将Services中的服务填充到Autofac中
    builder.Populate(services);
    //新模块组件注册    
    builder.RegisterModule<AutofacModuleRegister>();
    //创建容器
    var Container = builder.Build();
    //第三方IOC接管 core内置DI容器 
    return new AutofacServiceProvider(Container);
}

using Autofac;
using System.Reflection;

public class AutofacModuleRegister : Autofac.Module
{
    //重写Autofac管道Load方法，在这里注册注入
    protected override void Load(ContainerBuilder builder)
    {
        //以普通类的形式注册PlayPianoService
        //builder.RegisterType<PlayPianoService>();

        builder.RegisterType<Test>().AsSelf();
        builder.RegisterType<Log>().SingleInstance().AsSelf();
        builder.RegisterType<UserRepository>().As<IUserRepository>();

        builder.RegisterGeneric(typeof(TestRepository<>)).As(typeof(ITestRepository<>));

        //注册Service中的对象,Service中的类要以Service结尾，否则注册失败
        builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(GetAssemblyByName("WXL.Service")).Where(a => a.Name.EndsWith("Service")).AsImplementedInterfaces();
        //注册Repository中的对象,Repository中的类要以Repository结尾，否则注册失败
        builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(GetAssemblyByName("WXL.Repository")).Where(a => a.Name.EndsWith("Repository")).AsImplementedInterfaces();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 根据程序集名称获取程序集
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="AssemblyName">程序集名称</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static Assembly GetAssemblyByName(String AssemblyName)
    {
        return Assembly.Load(AssemblyName);
    }
}

-------------------------- ASP.NET Core 3.X 使用 Autofac --------------------------
1、管理 NuGet 程序包
      添加 Autofac.Extensions.DependencyInjection 的引用
2、Startup.cs 代码

public void ConfigureContainer(ContainerBuilder containerBuilder)
{
    containerBuilder.RegisterModule<AutofacModuleRegister>();
}

3、Program.cs
      添加 UseServiceProviderFactory(new AutofacServiceProviderFactory())

public class Program
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        CreateHostBuilder(args).Build().Run();
    }

    public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
        Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
        .UseServiceProviderFactory(new AutofacServiceProviderFactory())
            .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
            {
                webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>();
            });
}

4、Test.WebAPI.Models

using Autofac;
using System.Reflection;

public class AutofacModuleRegister : Autofac.Module
{
    //重写Autofac管道Load方法，在这里注册注入
    protected override void Load(ContainerBuilder builder)
    {
        //以普通类的形式注册PlayPianoService
        //builder.RegisterType<PlayPianoService>();

        //注册Service中的对象,Service中的类要以Service结尾，否则注册失败
        builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(GetAssemblyByName("WXL.Service")).Where(a => a.Name.EndsWith("Service")).AsImplementedInterfaces();
        //注册Repository中的对象,Repository中的类要以Repository结尾，否则注册失败
        builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(GetAssemblyByName("WXL.Repository")).Where(a => a.Name.EndsWith("Repository")).AsImplementedInterfaces();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 根据程序集名称获取程序集
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="AssemblyName">程序集名称</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static Assembly GetAssemblyByName(String AssemblyName)
    {
        return Assembly.Load(AssemblyName);
    }
}

5、
*
-------------------------- ASP.NET Core 依赖注入 --------------------------
IServiceCollection 负责注册
IServiceProvider 负责提供实例 

服务生存期
AddTransient：暂时生存期服务，是每次从服务容器进行请求时创建的。 这种生存期适合轻量级、 无状态的服务。
AddScoped：作用域生存期服务，以每个客户端请求（连接）一次的方式创建。
AddSingleton：单一实例生存期服务，是在第一次请求时（或者在运行 Startup.ConfigureServices 并且使用服务注册指定实例时）创建的。

1、使用扩展方法 AddDbContext<TContext> 和 AddIdentityCore 向容器添加附加服务

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>
        options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection")));

    services.AddSingleton(Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection"));
    services.AddScoped<IDbConnection, SqlConnection>();

    #region 仓储注入
    foreach (var item in GetAssemblyName("NurseCall.Repository"))
        services.AddTransient(item.Key, item.Value);
    services.AddSingleton<IHttpContextAccessor, HttpContextAccessor>();
    #endregion

    services.AddTransient<IApplicationService, ApplicationService>();
    services.AddScoped<IApplicationService, ApplicationService>();
    services.AddSingleton<IApplicationService, ApplicationService>();

    services.AddTransient<IDbConnection>((sp) => new SqlConnection(Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection")));

    services.AddIdentity<ApplicationUser, IdentityRole>()
        .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>()
        .AddDefaultTokenProviders();
}

IServiceCollection、IServiceProvider使用

var services = new ServiceCollection();
// 默认构造
services.AddSingleton<IOperationSingleton, Operation>();
// 自定义传入Guid空值
services.AddSingleton<IOperationSingleton>(
  new Operation(Guid.Empty));
// 自定义传入一个New的Guid
services.AddSingleton <IOperationSingleton>(
  new Operation(Guid.NewGuid()));
 
var provider = services.BuildServiceProvider();

// 输出singletone1的Guid
var singletone1 = provider.GetService<IOperationSingleton>();
Console.WriteLine($"signletone1: {singletone1.OperationId}");
 

2、实体框架上下文
AddDbContext<TContext>
services.AddSingleton(Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection"));
services.AddScoped<IDbConnection, SqlConnection>();
services.AddSingleton<IHttpContextAccessor, HttpContextAccessor>();//获取header参数

*、批量注入

var assembly = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().DefinedTypes.Where(a => a.Name.EndsWith("Service") && !a.Name.StartsWith("I"));
foreach (var item in assembly)
{
    services.AddTransient(item.GetInterfaces().FirstOrDefault(), item);
}

*、
*、Redis注入

services.AddSingleton<IRedisConnection>(k => { return new RedisConnection(6, Configuration["RedisConnectionString"]); });

方式一

services.AddSingleton<IConnectionMultiplexer, ConnectionMultiplexer>(x =>
             { return x.GetService<IRedisConnection>().ConnectionMultiplexer; });

方式二

var sp = services.BuildServiceProvider();
services.AddSingleton<StackExchange.Redis.IConnectionMultiplexer>((x) => { return sp.GetService<IRedisConnection>().ConnectionMultiplexer; });

方式三

services.AddScoped<ICacheManager, RedisCacheManager>();

在 Startup.cs 类 ConfigureServices 方法中注入  IHttpContextAccessor

services.AddSingleton<IHttpContextAccessor, HttpContextAccessor>();

*、Windows 窗体应用(WinForms)

static class Program
{
    /// <summary>
    ///  The main entry point for the application.
    /// </summary>
    [STAThread]
    static void Main()
    {
        ContainerBuilder builder = new ContainerBuilder();
        builder.RegisterType<UserRepository>().As<IUserRepository>();

        //注册当前程序集的所有类成员
        builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly()).AsImplementedInterfaces().AsSelf();
        builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(Assembly.Load("Test.Repository")).Where(a => a.Name.EndsWith("Repository")).AsImplementedInterfaces().AsSelf();
        builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(Assembly.Load("Test.Business")).Where(a => a.Name.EndsWith("Business")).AsImplementedInterfaces().AsSelf();
        IContainer container = builder.Build();
        var serviceProvider = new AutofacServiceProvider(container);

        var userBiz = container.Resolve<UserBusiness>();

        var user = userBiz.GetUser();
    }
}

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