Quartz 任务调度框架

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-31 23:17:57 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-03-31 23:17:57 发布

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分类专栏： Java 文章标签：任务调度

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/King__Jack/article/details/84251926

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上一个项目中用到了定时任务的功能，然后我使用了Quartz，它是一个启动定时任务的框架，官网： http://www.quartz-scheduler.org ，接下来我总结下Quartz的基本用法。

建立maven 项目，导入quartz 坐标

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
	<artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
	<version>2.2.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
	<artifactId>quartz-jobs</artifactId>
	<version>2.2.1</version>
	</dependency>
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
	<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
	<version>1.7.12</version>
</dependency>

一：入门案例：http://www.quartz-scheduler.org/documentation/quartz-2.1.x/quick-start.html

import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SchedulerException;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;

public class Demo1 {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException {
		// 定时器对象
		Scheduler scheduler = StdSchedulerFactory.getDefaultScheduler();

		// 开启定时任务
		scheduler.start();

		// 关闭定时任务
		scheduler.shutdown();
	}
}

二：SimpleTrigger 使用

必须清楚 JobDetail 和Trigger 两个对象

Job 工作任务，你要做什么

Trigger 执行工作任务触发条件，什么时间执行，多久执行一次编写工作任务

编写一个定时任务

import org.quartz.JobBuilder;
import org.quartz.JobDetail;
import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SchedulerException;
import org.quartz.SimpleScheduleBuilder;
import org.quartz.Trigger;
import org.quartz.TriggerBuilder;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;

import cn.jack.quartz.job.HelloJob;

public class Demo2 {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException {
		// 定时器对象
		Scheduler scheduler = StdSchedulerFactory.getDefaultScheduler();

		// 定义一个工作对象
		JobDetail job = JobBuilder.newJob(HelloJob.class)
				.withIdentity("job1", "group1").build();
		// 定义触发器
		Trigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
				.withIdentity("trigger1", "group1").startNow()
				.withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.repeatSecondlyForever(5))
				.build();

		scheduler.scheduleJob(job, trigger);
		// 开启定时任务
		scheduler.start();
	}
}

创建一个实现Job接口的类用来执行具体的任务

import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;

public class HelloJob implements Job {

	public void execute(JobExecutionContext context)
			throws JobExecutionException {
		System.out.println("Hello, Quartz !!!~~~~~");
	}

}

对象TriggerBuilder 启动任务时间

startNow 立即启动

startAt (Date) 指定时间启动

对象 SimpleScheduleBuilder 进行简单任务重复执行

repeatSecondly …() 多少秒后重复执行

repeatminutely …() 多少分钟后重复执行

repeatHourly …() 多少小时后重复执行

三： CronTrigger 的使用

import org.quartz.CronScheduleBuilder;
import org.quartz.JobBuilder;
import org.quartz.JobDetail;
import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SchedulerException;
import org.quartz.Trigger;
import org.quartz.TriggerBuilder;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;

import cn.jack.quartz.job.HelloJob;

public class Demo3 {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException {
		// 定时器对象
		Scheduler scheduler = StdSchedulerFactory.getDefaultScheduler();

		// 定义一个工作对象
		JobDetail job = JobBuilder.newJob(HelloJob.class)
				.withIdentity("job1", "group1").build();
		// 定义触发器
		Trigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
				.withIdentity("trigger1", "group1")
				.withSchedule(CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule("0 0 0 ? * *"))
				.build();

		scheduler.scheduleJob(job, trigger);
		// 开启定时任务
		scheduler.start();
	}
}

注意：day-of-month 和 day-of-week 只能设置一个值，另一个值写 ?即可，因为两者不可能同时为*

接下来是Quartz 和 Spring 集成使用

1、建立war 包 maven 项目 quartz_spring ，导入maven 依赖

<dependency>
			<groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
			<artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
			<version>2.2.1</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
			<artifactId>quartz-jobs</artifactId>
			<version>2.2.1</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
			<version>1.7.12</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
			<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
			<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
			<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
			<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>

2、配置web.xml spring 的监听器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
	id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">

	<!-- spring配置文件位置 -->
	<context-param>
		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
	</context-param>
	<!-- spring核心监听器 -->
	<listener>
		<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
	</listener>
	
</web-app>

3、编写Job任务程序

import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import cn.jack.quartz.service.HelloService;

public class HelloJob implements Job {

	@Autowired
	private HelloService helloService;

	public void execute(JobExecutionContext context)
			throws JobExecutionException {
		helloService.sayHello();
	}

}

4、配置spring 的applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd ">
 	
 	<context:component-scan base-package="cn.jack.quartz.service" />
 	
 	<!-- job -->
 	<bean id="helloJob" 
 		class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean">
 		<property name="jobClass" value="cn.itcast.quartz.job.HelloJob" />
 	</bean>
 	
 	<!-- trigger -->
 	<bean id="simpleTrigger" 
 		class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SimpleTriggerFactoryBean">
 		<property name="jobDetail" ref="helloJob" />
 		<!-- 3秒后第一次执行 -->
 		<property name="startDelay" value="3000" />
 		<!-- 5秒后重复执行 -->
 		<property name="repeatInterval" value="5000" />
 	</bean>
 	
 	<!-- scheduler  -->
 	<bean class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">
 		<property name="jobFactory" ref="jobFactory" />
 		<property name="triggers">
 			<list>
 				<ref bean="simpleTrigger"/>
 			</list>
 		</property>
 	</bean>
 	
</beans>

5． Quartz 和 Spring 集成后 Bean 注入的问题解决

因为具体的Job类并没有被Spring所管理，而我们在实际业务需求中常常要调用如Service或者Dao的bean来完成具体的任务，

但在Job 中 spring 管理的Bean 无法注入，所以我们需要在Scheduler 中自定义JobFactory

import org.quartz.spi.TriggerFiredBundle;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.AutowireCapableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.AdaptableJobFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service("jobFactory")
public class JobFactory extends AdaptableJobFactory {

	@Autowired
	private AutowireCapableBeanFactory capableBeanFactory;

	@Override
	protected Object createJobInstance(TriggerFiredBundle bundle)
			throws Exception {
		Object jobInstance = super.createJobInstance(bundle);
		capableBeanFactory.autowireBean(jobInstance);
		return jobInstance;
	}

}

然后配置applicationContext.xml,为scheduler设置jobFactory

<!-- scheduler  -->
 	<bean class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">
 		<property name="jobFactory" ref="jobFactory" />
 		<property name="triggers">
 			<list>
 				<ref bean="simpleTrigger"/>
 			</list>
 		</property>
 	</bean>

自此，Spring对Quartz的集成就写完了。