ThreadPoolExecutor线程池使用

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ThreadPoolExecutor有点

1、线程是稀缺资源，使用线程池可以减少创建和销毁线程的次数，每个工作线程都可以重复使用。

2、可以根据系统的承受能力，调整线程池中工作线程的数量，防止因为消耗过多内存导致服务器崩溃。

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一、核心参数

public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                               int maximumPoolSize,
                               long keepAliveTime,
                               TimeUnit unit,
                               BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
                               RejectedExecutionHandler handler) 

corePoolSize：线程池核心线程数量

maximumPoolSize:线程池最大线程数量

keepAliverTime：当活跃线程数大于核心线程数时，空闲的多余线程最大存活时间

unit：存活时间的单位

workQueue：存放任务的队列

handler：超出线程范围和队列容量的任务的处理程序

2. workQueue任务队列

常用的队列有SynchronousQueue、ArrayBlockingQueue、LinkedBlockingQueue。

• SynchronousQueue

SynchronousQueue没有容量，如果执行的任务超过最大线程数就会进入阻塞队列。

package com.yetech.test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

public class ThreadTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        int corePoolSize = 1;
        int maximumPoolSize = 2;
        long keepAliveTime = 10;
        TimeUnit unit = TimeUnit.SECONDS;
        SynchronousQueue<Runnable> workQueue = new SynchronousQueue<>();
        ThreadFactory threadFactory = new NameTreadFactory();
        RejectedExecutionHandler handler = new MyIgnorePolicy();
        ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit,
                workQueue, threadFactory, handler){
            @Override
            protected void afterExecute(Runnable r, Throwable t) {
                System.out.println(((MyTask)r).getName()+"执行结束");
            }

            @Override
            protected void beforeExecute(Thread t, Runnable r) {
                System.out.println("线程"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"准备执行"+((MyTask)r).getName());
            }
        };
        executor.prestartAllCoreThreads(); // 预启动所有核心线程

        for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
            MyTask task = new MyTask(String.valueOf(i));
            System.out.println("任务"+i+"添加");
            executor.execute(task);
        }

        System.in.read(); //阻塞主线程
    }

    static class NameTreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {

        private final AtomicInteger mThreadNum = new AtomicInteger(1);

        @Override
        public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
            Thread t = new Thread(r, "my-thread-" + mThreadNum.getAndIncrement());
            System.out.println(t.getName() + " has been created");
            return t;
        }
    }

    public static class MyIgnorePolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {

        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            doLog(r, e);
        }

        private void doLog(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            // 可做日志记录等
            System.out.println(((MyTask) r).getName()+ " rejected");
        }
    }

    static class MyTask implements Runnable {
        private String name;

        public MyTask(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                System.out.println(this.toString() + " is running!");
                Thread.sleep(10000); //让任务执行慢点
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "MyTask [name=" + name + "]";
        }
    }
}

执行结果如下：

• ArrayBlockingQueue
  ArrayBlockingQueue是有序队列，需要设置长度。

package com.yetech.test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

public class ThreadTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        int corePoolSize = 2;
        int maximumPoolSize = 4;
        long keepAliveTime = 10;
        TimeUnit unit = TimeUnit.SECONDS;
        ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(4);
        ThreadFactory threadFactory = new NameTreadFactory();
        RejectedExecutionHandler handler = new MyIgnorePolicy();
        ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit,
                workQueue, threadFactory, handler){
            @Override
            protected void afterExecute(Runnable r, Throwable t) {
                System.out.println(((MyTask)r).getName()+"执行结束");
            }

            @Override
            protected void beforeExecute(Thread t, Runnable r) {
                System.out.println("线程"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"准备执行"+((MyTask)r).getName());
            }
        };
        executor.prestartAllCoreThreads(); // 预启动所有核心线程

        for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
            MyTask task = new MyTask(String.valueOf(i));
            System.out.println("任务"+i+"添加");
            executor.execute(task);
        }

        System.in.read(); //阻塞主线程
    }

    static class NameTreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {

        private final AtomicInteger mThreadNum = new AtomicInteger(1);

        @Override
        public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
            Thread t = new Thread(r, "my-thread-" + mThreadNum.getAndIncrement());
            System.out.println(t.getName() + " has been created");
            return t;
        }
    }

    public static class MyIgnorePolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {

        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            doLog(r, e);
        }

        private void doLog(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            // 可做日志记录等
            System.out.println(((MyTask) r).getName()+ " rejected");
        }
    }

    static class MyTask implements Runnable {
        private String name;

        public MyTask(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                System.out.println(this.toString() + " is running!");
                Thread.sleep(10000); //让任务执行慢点
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "MyTask [name=" + name + "]";
        }
    }
}

• LinkedBlockingQueue
  LinkedBlockingQueue是无序队列，默认长度为Integer.MAX_VALUE。LinkedBlockingQueue也可以指定长度，指定长度后就和ArrayBlockingQueue一样。LinkedBlockingQueue每个线程完全独立于其他线程。生产者和消费者使用独立的锁来控制数据的同步，即在高并发的情况下可以并行操作队列中的数据

2. 自定义阻塞

实现RejectedExecutionHandler类即可重写阻塞方法。可以根据实际业务要求做处理。如果说进入队列的数据是不能丢失的，那么一定要在阻塞方法里面将数据记录下来以备再处理。

```java
    public static class MyIgnorePolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {

        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            doLog(r, e);
        }

        private void doLog(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            // 可做日志记录等
            System.out.println(((MyTask) r).getName()+ " rejected");
        }
    }