KVM管理脚本

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-28 18:06:19 发布

Kknicks

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-28 18:06:19 发布

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文章标签： linux centos 运维

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Kknicks/article/details/115309692

版权

脚本功能

创建一个总目录列出列出脚本功能并通过source来其它对脚本进行调取

vim kvm_vm.sh

while :
do
cat <<-EOF
--------------------------------
1.查看虚拟机
2.安装虚拟机
3.为虚拟机添加设备
4.虚拟机快照管理
5.任意键退出
-------------------------------
EOF
            
read -p "input a num :" num   
case $num in 
    1)
    #调取查看虚拟机的脚本
        source ./vm_info.sh 
    ;;
    2)
        source ./create-vm.sh
    ;;
    3)
        source ./add_facility.sh
    ;;
    4)
        source ./snap.sh
    ;;
    *)
    break
esac
done

1 查看虚拟机

vim vm_info.sh

name(){
    read -p "输入虚拟机名称 :" name
}

while :
do
cat <<-EOF
------------------------
1.列出所有的虚拟机
2.查看指定虚拟机的元数据信息
3.查看指定虚拟机的ip地址
4.启动虚拟机
5.关闭虚拟机
6.强制关机
7.重启虚拟机
8.任意键返回上级目录
------------------------
EOF
read -p "input a num :" num
case $num in
    1)
      virsh list --all
      ;;
    2)
      name
      virsh dominfo $name
      ;;
    3)
      name
      virsh doinfaddr $name
      ;;
    4)
      name
      virsh start $name
      ;;
    5)
      name
      virsh shutdown $name
      ;;
    6)
      name
      virsh destroy $name
      ;;
    7)
      name
      virsh reboot $name
      ;;
    *)
      break
      ;;
esac
done

1.1 列出所有虚拟机

virsh dominfo $name

1.2 查看指定虚拟机的元数据信息

virsh dominfo $name

1.3 查看指定虚拟机的ip地址

virsh doinfaddr $name

1.4 启动虚拟机

virsh start $name

1.5 关闭虚拟机

virsh shutdown $name

1.6 强制关机

virsh destroy $name

1.7 重启虚拟机

virsh reboot $name

2 安装虚拟机

vim create-vm.sh

while :
do
cat <<-EOF
----------------------------
1.全新安装
2.模板安装
3.任意键返回上级菜单
----------------------------
EOF
read -p "input a num :" num
case $num in
    1)
      source ./fresh-create.sh
      ;;
    2)
      source ./template-create.sh
      ;;
    *)
      break
      ;;
esac
done

2.1 全新安装

vim fresh-create.sh

set -ue
set -o pipefail

#创建相关目录

#定义相关变量
kvm_home=/home/kvm
kvm_iso=$kvm_home/iso/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1708.iso
kvm_ks_file=$kvm_home/ks/ks.cfg
kvm_disk=$kvm_home/virtualdisk

#设置默认值
def_vm_name="centos$(date +%Y-%m-%d" "%H:%M:%S)"
def_mem_size=1024
def_vcpus=1
def_disk_size=10G


#用户交互获取变量值
echo "输入KVM虚拟机名称"
echo "输入想要创建的服务器主机名 " 
read -p "默认值为localhost :" host_name

echo "输入虚拟机cpu核心数"
read -p "默认值为1 :" vcpus

echo "输入虚拟机内存大小 默认1024M"
read -p "不需要输入单位 :" mem_size

while :
do
echo "输入虚拟机使用的磁盘容量"
read -p "默认 10G,[示例写法:15G]:" disk_size
        echo "格式不正确"
        continue
    else
        break
fi
done
vm_name=${vm_name:-$def_vm_name}
host_name=${host_name:-localhost}
vcpus=${vcpus:-$def_vcpus}
mem_size=${mem_size:-$def_mem_size}
disk_size=${disk_size:-$def_disk_size}
new_disk=${kvm_disk}/${vm_name}.qcow2
#用户交互获取变量值




if [ ! -f "${new_disk}" ];then
    qemu-img create -f qcow2 ${new_disk}  ${disk_size}
fi


#开始创建
virt-install -v \
     --arch x86_64 --virt-type kvm \
     --name ${vm_name} \
     --memory ${mem_size} \
     --vcpus ${vcpus} \
     --os-type linux \
     --location ${kvm_iso} \
     --network default \
     --graphics none \
     --os-variant rhel7 \
     --initrd-inject "${kvm_ks_file}" \
     --extra-args  "ks=file:/ks.cfg  \
                    console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8 \
                    hostname=${host_name}" \
     --disk ${new_disk},cache=writeback,io=threads,bus=virtio

需要准备镜像文件

[root@bogon ~]# cat /home/kvm/ks/ks.cfg 
#platform=x86, AMD64, 或 Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard 'us'
# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$KXeyOPUO$5JlUe3pPpi.hplHB71JdX/
# 系统语言
#lang zh_CN.UTF-8
lang en_US

# System authorization information
auth  --useshadow  --passalgo=sha512
# Use CDROM installation media
#cdrom

# Use text mode install
# 使用字符界面安装操作系统
text

# Do not configure the X Window System
# 不配置图形界面系统
skipx

# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled

# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled

# 设置动态获取 IP
network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on
network  --hostname=HOSNAME

# 设置静态 IP
# network  --bootproto=static --device=eth0 --gateway=192.168.122.1 --ip=192.168.122.100 --nameserver=192.168.122.1 --netmask=255.255.255.0 --activate

# 系统安装完成后 重启系统
#halt
reboot

# System timezone 系统时区
timezone Asia/Shanghai

# System services  系统启动时候自动启动的服务
services --enable="chronyd"

# System bootloader configuration
#系统启动引导方式 vda 是kvm 虚拟机时候的第块磁盘名称
bootloader --location=mbr --boot-drive=vda

# 清除主引导记录
zerombr

# 删除原来的分区和磁盘标签
clearpart --all --initlabel

# 磁盘分区信息,这里采用的是 lvm 自动分区
autopart --type=lvm

# 下面是自定义分区
#part /boot --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=vda --size=200
#part / --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=vda --size=10040
#part /var --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=vda --size=2048
#part /home --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=vda --size=2048

# 安装软件
%packages
@^minimal
@core
chrony
%end

# 禁用 kdump
%addon com_redhat_kdump --disable --reserve-mb='auto'

%end

# 安装系统完成后执行的命令脚本
%post --interpreter=/bin/bash
yum install -y epel-release bash-completion vim-enhanced wget
yum group install "Development Tools" -y
%end

# 用户密码策略
%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end

2.2 模板安装

拷贝原来虚拟机的配置文件 centos7.xml 到当前用户的家目录下，并命名为 centos7-mod.xml

cp /etc/libvirt/qemu/centos7.xml centos7-mod.xml

vim template-create.sh

read -p "输入vm-name :" name
read -p "输入vm-mem :" mem
vm_name=$name
vm_uuid=`uuidgen`
vm_mem=$mem
vm_disk_path=/home/$name.qcow2
vm_mac=`openssl rand -hex 3 | sed -r 's/..\B/&:/g'`
#传参数传入模板当中并生成新的配置文件
sed -r -e s%vm-name%$vm_name% -e s%vm-uuid%$vm_uuid% -e s%vm-mem%$vm_mem% -e s%vm-disk-path%$vm_disk_path% -e s%vm-mac%$vm_mac% ./centos7-mod.xml >> $name.xml

#创建新虚拟机的虚拟磁盘
cp ./centos7-mod.qcow2 /home/$name.qcow2
#判断本机是否安装virsh
yum -y install libvirt-client &>/dev/null
if [ $? != 0 ];then
    yum -y install libvirt-client
fi

#定义虚拟机
virsh define $vm_name.xml
#启动虚拟机
virsh start $vm_name

以下为centos7-mod.xml内容

[root@bogon ~]# cat centos7-mod.xml 
<!--
WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE
OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:
  virsh edit centos7.0
or other application using the libvirt API.
-->

<domain type='kvm'>
  <name>vm-name</name>
  <uuid>vm-uuid</uuid>
  <memory unit='KiB'>vm-mem</memory>
  <currentMemory unit='KiB'>vm-mem</currentMemory>
  <vcpu placement='static'>2</vcpu>
  <os>
    <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0'>hvm</type>
    <boot dev='hd'/>
  </os>
  <features>
    <acpi/>
    <apic/>
  </features>
  <cpu mode='custom' match='exact' check='partial'>
    <model fallback='allow'>Broadwell-noTSX-IBRS</model>
    <feature policy='require' name='spec-ctrl'/>
    <feature policy='require' name='ssbd'/>
  </cpu>
  <clock offset='utc'>
    <timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/>
    <timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/>
    <timer name='hpet' present='no'/>
  </clock>
  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
  <on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
  <pm>
    <suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/>
    <suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/>
  </pm>
  <devices>
    <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
      <source file='vm-disk-path'/>
      <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/>
    </disk>
    <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
      <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
      <readonly/>
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/>
    </disk>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x7'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'>
      <master startport='0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'>
      <master startport='2'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'>
      <master startport='4'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x2'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'/>
    <controller type='ide' index='0'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='virtio-serial' index='0'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>
    </controller>
    <interface type='network'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:vm-mac'/>
      <source network='default'/>
      <model type='virtio'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>
    <serial type='pty'>
      <target type='isa-serial' port='0'>
        <model name='isa-serial'/>
      </target>
    </serial>
    <console type='pty'>
      <target type='serial' port='0'/>
    </console>
    <channel type='unix'>
      <target type='virtio' name='org.qemu.guest_agent.0'/>
      <address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='1'/>
    </channel>
    <channel type='spicevmc'>
      <target type='virtio' name='com.redhat.spice.0'/>
      <address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='2'/>
    </channel>
    <input type='tablet' bus='usb'>
      <address type='usb' bus='0' port='1'/>
    </input>
    <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
    <input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'/>
    <graphics type='spice' autoport='yes'>
      <listen type='address'/>
      <image compression='off'/>
    </graphics>
    <sound model='ich6'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>
    </sound>
    <video>
      <model type='qxl' ram='65536' vram='65536' vgamem='16384' heads='1' primary='yes'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
    </video>
    <redirdev bus='usb' type='spicevmc'>
      <address type='usb' bus='0' port='2'/>
    </redirdev>
    <redirdev bus='usb' type='spicevmc'>
      <address type='usb' bus='0' port='3'/>
    </redirdev>
    <memballoon model='virtio'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x08' function='0x0'/>
    </memballoon>
  </devices>
</domain>

3 为虚拟机添加设备

vim add_facility.sh

while :
do
cat <<-EOF
-------------------------------
1.添加硬盘
2.添加内存
3.添加网卡
4.任意键返回上级目录
-------------------------------
EOF
read -p "input a num :" num
case $num in
    1)
      source ./add-disk.sh
      ;;
    2)
      source ./add-mem.sh
      ;;
    3)
      source ./add-mac.sh
      ;;
    4)
      break
      ;;
esac
done

3.1 添加硬盘

vim add-disk.sh

read -p "输入想添加硬盘的虚拟机名称 :" add_disk_vm_name
read -p "输入添加磁盘的名称为 :" add_disk_name
    read -p "添加硬盘的大小 :" add_disk_size
            echo "格式不正确,正确格式:10G"
            continue
        else
            break
    fi
done

disk_dir=/home/kvm/virtualdisk/centos7
ls ${disk_dir} || mkdir -p ${disk_dir}
if [ ! -f "${add_disk_vm_name}" ];then
fi

for i in {a..z}
do
    virsh domblklist ${add_disk_vm_name} | grep "^vd$i" &>/dev/null
    if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
        break
    fi
done
dev=vd$i
cat > ${disk_dir}/disk.xml <<-EOF
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
  <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2' cache='writeback' io='threads'/>
  <source file='dir'/>
  <target dev='vdi' bus='virtio'/>
</disk>
EOF
sed -ri s%vdi%$dev% ${disk_dir}/disk.xml
sed -ri s%dir%${disk_dir}/${add_disk_name}.qcow2% ${disk_dir}/disk.xml
virsh attach-device ${add_disk_vm_name} ${disk_dir}/disk.xml --persistent

3.2 添加内存

vim add-mem.sh

read -p "输入需要添加内存的虚拟机名称 :" vm_name
read -p "设置最大可分配内存(只需填数字) : " vm_max_mem
virsh shutdown $vm_name &>/dev/null
virsh setmaxmem centos7-1 ${vm_max_mem}G &>/dev/null
echo "内存添加成功"

3.3 添加网卡

read -p "输入想添加网卡的虚拟机名称 :" vm_name
mac=`openssl rand -hex 3 | sed -r 's/..\B/&:/g'`
dir=/home/kvm/virtualdisk/centos7
cat > $dir/mac.xml <<-EOF
<interface type='network'>
  <mac address='52:54:00:$mac'/>
  <source network='default'/>
  <model type='virtio'/>
</interface>
EOF
virsh attach-device $vm_name $dir/mac.xml --persistent

4 虚拟机快照管理

vim snap.sh

read_fun(){
      read -p "输入虚拟机名称 :" vm_name
      read -p "输入快照名称 :" snap_name
}

judge_fun(){
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
        echo "请重新输入"
        continue
    else
        break
fi
}

while :
do
cat <<-EOF
------------------------------
1.查看虚拟机的快照
2.虚拟机创建快照
3.虚拟机恢复快照
4.删除快照
5.任意键返回上级目录
------------------------------
EOF

    read -p "input a num :" num
    case $num in
    1)
      read -p "输入虚拟机名称 :" vm_name
      virsh snapshot-list $vm_name
      ;;
    2)
      while :
      do
      read_fun
      virsh snapshot-create-as $vm_name $snap_name
      judge_fun
      done
      ;;
    3)
      while :
      do
      read_fun
      virsh snapshot-revert $vm_name --snapshotname $snap_name
      judge_fun
      done
      ;;
    4)
      while :
      do
      read_fun
      virsh snapshot-delete $vm_name --snapshotname $snap_name
      judge_fun
      done
      ;;
    *)
      break
      ;;
    esac
done

4.1 查看虚拟机的快照

virsh snapshot-list $vm_name

4.2 虚拟机创建快照

virsh snapshot-create-as $vm_name $snap_name

4.3 虚拟机恢复快照

virsh snapshot-revert $vm_name --snapshotname $snap_name

4.4 删除快照

virsh snapshot-delete $vm_name --snapshotname $snap_name

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KVM管理脚本

这里写目录标题脚本功能1 查看虚拟机1.1 列出所有虚拟机1.2 查看指定虚拟机的元数据信息1.3 查看指定虚拟机的ip地址1.4 启动虚拟机1.5 关闭虚拟机1.6 强制关机1.7 重启虚拟机2 安装虚拟机2.1 全新安装2.2 模板安装3 为虚拟机添加设备3.1 添加硬盘3.2 添加内存3.3 添加网卡4 虚拟机快照管理4.1 查看虚拟机的快照4.2 虚拟机创建快照4.3 虚拟机恢复快照4.4 删除快照脚本功能创建一个总目录列出列出脚本功能并通过source来其它对脚本进行调取vim kvm_vm
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