kvm部署与脚本

kvm部署：

yum -y install qemu-kvm libvirt libvirt-python libguestfs-tools virt-install virt-manager
systemctl enable libvirtd && systemctl start libvirtd

kvm部署完成后可以通过图形化界面创建Centos7，在创建完成后，执行以下初始化脚本：

#!/bin/bash
##该脚本的作用为安装一些常用软件，换源，这里使用的是中国科技大学源
##最后将dhclient加入到开机自启中，避免每次启动kvm不分配给虚拟机ip地址
sudo sed -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' -e 's|^#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos|baseurl=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos|g' -i.bak  /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
yum makecache
sed -ri '/^SELINUX=/c SELINUX=disabled' /etc/selinux/config
systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
yum -y install wget bash-completion vim-enhanced net-tools lsof lrzsz-0.12.20-36.el7.x86_64
echo "/usr/sbin/dhclient" >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

###以下为KVM的初始化脚本部分,虚拟机不要用。设置转发功能，并可以让内网访问外网，否则虚拟机将不能连上互联网
yum -y install iptables.services
systemctl start iptables.service
systemctl enable iptables.service
echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1"
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ens33 -s 192.168.122.0/24 -j MASQUERADE
iptables-save > /etc/sysconfig/iptables

kvm常用命令：

virsh list --all
virsh start centos7
virsh shutdown centos7
#获取虚拟机信息
virsh domifaddr 1
##获取磁盘信息
qemu-img info centos7.qcow2

kvm配置文件位置：

/etc/libvirt/qemu/centos7.xml
/var/lib/libvirt/images/centos7.qcow2

kvm自动化部署虚拟机，注意需要提前准备好模板配置文件与模板虚拟机磁盘：

#!/bin/bash
##centos7-mod.xml文件请自己替换
read -p "请输入虚拟机名：" vm_name
read -p "请输入虚拟机内存,如524288：" vm_mem
 vm_uuid=`uuidgen`
 vm_disk_path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/$vm_name.qcow2
 vm_mac=`openssl rand -hex 3 | sed -r 's/..\B/&:/g'`
sed -r \
-e  s%vm-name%$vm_name% \
-e  s%vm-uuid%$vm_uuid% \
-e  s%vm-mem%$vm_mem% \
-e  s%vm-disk-path%$vm_disk_path% \
-e  s%vm-mac%$vm_mac% \
centos7-mod.xml  > $vm_name.xml
echo "复制虚拟机中。 "
cp centos7-mod.qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/$vm_name.qcow2
virsh define $vm_name.xml
echo "完成"

联想的配置模板文件：

<!--
     WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE
OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:
  virsh edit centos7
or other application using the libvirt API.
-->

<domain type='kvm'>
  <name>vm-name</name>  <!--这里修改了-->
  <uuid>vm-uuid</uuid>  <!--这里修改了-->
  <memory unit='KiB'>vm-mem</memory>  <!--这里修改了-->
  <currentMemory unit='KiB'>vm-mem</currentMemory>  <!--这里修改了-->
  <vcpu placement='static'>2</vcpu>
  <os>
    <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0'>hvm</type>
    <boot dev='hd'/>
  </os>
  <features>
    <acpi/>
    <apic/>
  </features>
  <cpu mode='custom' match='exact' check='partial'>
    <model fallback='allow'>Broadwell-noTSX-IBRS</model>
    <feature policy='require' name='spec-ctrl'/>
    <feature policy='require' name='ssbd'/>
  </cpu>
  <clock offset='utc'>
    <timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/>
    <timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/>
    <timer name='hpet' present='no'/>
  </clock>
  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
  <on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
  <pm>
    <suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/>
    <suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/>
  </pm>
  <devices>
    <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
      <source file='vm-disk-path'/>  <!--这里修改了-->
      <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>
    </disk>
    <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
      <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
      <readonly/>
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/>
    </disk>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x7'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'>
      <master startport='0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'>
      <master startport='2'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'>
      <master startport='4'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x2'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'/>
    <controller type='ide' index='0'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='virtio-serial' index='0'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
    </controller>
    <interface type='network'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:vm-mac'/>  <!--这里修改了-->
      <source network='default'/>
      <model type='virtio'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>
    <serial type='pty'>
      <target type='isa-serial' port='0'>
        <model name='isa-serial'/>
      </target>
    </serial>
    <console type='pty'>
      <target type='serial' port='0'/>
    </console>
    <channel type='unix'>
      <target type='virtio' name='org.qemu.guest_agent.0'/>
      <address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='1'/>
    </channel>
    <channel type='spicevmc'>
      <target type='virtio' name='com.redhat.spice.0'/>
      <address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='2'/>
    </channel>
    <input type='tablet' bus='usb'>
      <address type='usb' bus='0' port='1'/>
    </input>
    <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
    <input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'/>
    <graphics type='spice' autoport='yes'>
      <listen type='address'/>
      <image compression='off'/>
    </graphics>
    <video>
      <model type='qxl' ram='65536' vram='65536' vgamem='16384' heads='1' primary='yes'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
    </video>
    <memballoon model='virtio'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/>
    </memballoon>
    <rng model='virtio'>
      <backend model='random'>/dev/urandom</backend>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x08' function='0x0'/>
    </rng>
  </devices>
</domain>