现在将消费者改成
2
个,缓冲池改成拥有
4
个缓冲区的大缓冲池。
如何来思考了这个问题了?首先根据上面分析的二点,可以知道生产者和消费者由一个变成多个的影响不大,唯一要注意的是缓冲池变大了,回顾一下之前提到的信号量,不难得出用二个信号量就可以解决这种缓冲池有多个缓冲区的情况——用一个信号量A来记录为空的缓冲区个数,另一个信号量B记录非空的缓冲区个数,然后生产者等待信号量A,消费者等待信号量B就可以了。因此可以仿照上面的代码来实现复杂生产者消费者问题,示例代码如下:
//1生产者 2消费者 4缓冲区
#include <stdio.h>
#include <process.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
using namespace std;
//设置控制台输出颜色
//SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), wAttributes);
const int iProduceNumber = 8;//生产产品个数
const int iBufferSize = 4;//缓冲区个数
int arrGlobBuffer[iBufferSize];//缓冲池
int iWrite, iRead;
//信号量与关键段
CRITICAL_SECTION csGlobBuffer;
HANDLE hSemaphoreBufferEmpty;
HANDLE hSemaphoreBufferFull;
//生产者线程函数
UINT WINAPI ProducerProc(PVOID pParam){
for(int i = 1; i <= iProduceNumber; i++){
//等待有空的缓冲区出现
WaitForSingleObject(hSemaphoreBufferEmpty, INFINITE);
//互斥的访问缓冲区
EnterCriticalSection(&csGlobBuffer);
arrGlobBuffer[iWrite] = i*10;
SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FOREGROUND_RED);
cout << "生产者在缓冲池第" << iWrite+1 << "个缓冲区中投放数据" << arrGlobBuffer[iWrite] << endl;
SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE);
iWrite = (iWrite+1) % iBufferSize;
LeaveCriticalSection(&csGlobBuffer);
//通知消费者有新数据了
ReleaseSemaphore(hSemaphoreBufferFull, 1, NULL);
}
//控制台也属于一种竞争的资源,所以也要互斥访问
EnterCriticalSection(&csGlobBuffer);
SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FOREGROUND_RED);
cout << "生产者完成任务,线程结束运行" << endl;
SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE);
LeaveCriticalSection(&csGlobBuffer);
return 0;
}
//消费者线程函数
UINT WINAPI ConsumerProc(PVOID pParam){
while(true){
//等待非空的缓冲区出现
WaitForSingleObject(hSemaphoreBufferFull, INFINITE);
//互斥的访问缓冲区
EnterCriticalSection(&csGlobBuffer);
SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FOREGROUND_GREEN);
cout << "编号为" << GetCurrentThreadId() << "的消费者从缓冲池中第" << iRead+1 << "个缓冲区取出数据" << arrGlobBuffer[iRead] << endl;
SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE);
if(arrGlobBuffer[iRead]/10 == iProduceNumber){
LeaveCriticalSection(&csGlobBuffer);
//通知其它消费者有新数据了(结束标志)
ReleaseSemaphore(hSemaphoreBufferFull, 1, NULL);
break;
}
iRead = (iRead+1) % iBufferSize;
LeaveCriticalSection(&csGlobBuffer);
ReleaseSemaphore(hSemaphoreBufferEmpty, 1, NULL);
}
//控制台也属于一种竞争的资源,所以也要互斥访问
EnterCriticalSection(&csGlobBuffer);
SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FOREGROUND_GREEN);
cout << "编号为" << GetCurrentThreadId() << "的消费者收到通知,线程结束运行" << endl;
SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE);
LeaveCriticalSection(&csGlobBuffer);
return 0;
}
void main()
{
//初始化关键段和信号量
InitializeCriticalSection(&csGlobBuffer);
//初始的时候4个缓冲区为空
hSemaphoreBufferEmpty = CreateSemaphore(NULL, 4, 4, NULL);//记录空缓冲区个数
//初始的时候4个缓冲区没有数据
hSemaphoreBufferFull = CreateSemaphore(NULL, 0, 4, NULL);//录有产品的缓冲区个数
SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE);
memset(arrGlobBuffer, 0, sizeof(int)*iBufferSize);
iWrite = iRead = 0;
HANDLE hThreads[3];
//1个生产者线程
hThreads[0] = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL, 0, ProducerProc, NULL, 0, NULL);
//2个消费者线程
hThreads[1] = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL, 0, ConsumerProc, NULL, 0, NULL);
hThreads[2] = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL, 0, ConsumerProc, NULL, 0, NULL);
WaitForMultipleObjects(3, hThreads, TRUE, INFINITE);
for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++){
CloseHandle(hThreads[i]);
}
//销毁关键段和信号量
DeleteCriticalSection(&csGlobBuffer);
CloseHandle(hSemaphoreBufferEmpty);
CloseHandle(hSemaphoreBufferFull);
}
至此,生产者消费者问题已经圆满的解决了,下面作个总结:
1.首先要考虑生产者与消费者对缓冲区操作时的互斥。
2.不管生产者与消费者有多少个,缓冲池有多少个缓冲区。都只有二个同步过程——分别是生产者要等待有空缓冲区才能投放产品,消费者要等待有非空缓冲区才能去取产品。