Spring Bean的三种装配方式

方法一：XML配置

1. 基于构造方法注入

​ Book类

package com.constructor;

public class Book {
    private String bookName;

    public Book(String bookName){
        this.bookName = bookName;
    }

    public void display(){
        System.out.println("这本书是"+bookName);
    }
}

User类

package com.constructor;

public class User {
    private Book book;

    public User(Book book) {
        this.book = book;
    }

    public void test(){
        book.display();
        System.out.println("add....");
    }
}

bean.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    
    <bean id="book" class="com.constructor.Book">
        <constructor-arg value="《面纱》"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="user" class="com.constructor.User">
        <constructor-arg ref="book"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>

</beans>

Client

package com.constructor;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
        User user = (User) context.getBean("user");
        user.test();
    }
}

2. 基于set方法注入

Book类

package com.set;

public class Book {
    private String bookName;

    public String getBookName() {
        return bookName;
    }

    public void setBookName(String bookName) {
        this.bookName = bookName;
    }

    public void display(){
        System.out.println("这本书是"+bookName);
    }
}

User类

package com.set;

public class User {
    private Book book;
    public Book getBook() {
        return book;
    }

    public void setBook(Book book) {
        this.book = book;
    }

    public void test(){
        book.display();
        System.out.println("add....");
    }
}

bean.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="user" class="com.set.User">
        <property name="book" ref="book"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="book" class="com.set.Book">
        <property name="bookName" value="面纱"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

Client类

package com.set;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
        User user = (User) context.getBean("user");
        user.test();
    }
}

3. p命名空间注入

Book类

package com.pname;

public class Book {
    private String bookName;

    public String getBookName() {
        return bookName;
    }

    public void setBookName(String bookName) {
        this.bookName = bookName;
    }

    public void display(){
        System.out.println("这本书是"+bookName);
    }
}

User类

package com.pname;

public class User {
    private Book book;
    public Book getBook() {
        return book;
    }

    public void setBook(Book book) {
        this.book = book;
    }

    public void test(){
        book.display();
        System.out.println("add....");
    }
}

bean.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--p名称空间-->
    <bean id="user" class="com.pname.User" p:book-ref="book"></bean>
    <bean id="book" class="com.pname.Book" p:bookName="面纱"></bean>

</beans>

Client类

package com.pname;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
        User user = (User) context.getBean("user");
        user.test();
    }
}

方法二：Java代码配置

Book类

package javaconfig;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;

public class Book {
    private String bookName = "sss";

    public String getBookName() {
        return bookName;
    }

    public void setBookName(String bookName) {
        this.bookName = bookName;
    }

    public void display(){
        System.out.println("这本书是"+bookName);
    }
}

User类

package javaconfig;

public class User {
    private Book book;

    public User(Book book) {
        this.book = book;
    }

    public Book getBook() {
        return book;
    }

    public void setBook(Book book) {
        this.book = book;
    }

    public void test(){
        book.display();
        System.out.println("add....");
    }
}

JavaConfig类

package javaconfig;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class JavaConfig {
    @Bean
    public Book Book(){
        return new Book();
    }
    @Bean
    public User User(){
        return new User(new Book());
    }
}

Test类

import javaconfig.JavaConfig;
import javaconfig.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = JavaConfig.class)
public class JavaTest {
    @Autowired
    private User user;
    @Test
    public void testJavaconfig(){
        user.test();
    }
}

方法三：自动装配

Book类

package autoconfig;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class Book {
    @Value("面纱")
    private String bookName;
    public String getBookName() {
        return bookName;
    }

    public void setBookName(String bookName) {
        this.bookName = bookName;
    }

    public void display(){
        System.out.println("这本书是"+bookName);
    }
}

User类

package autoconfig;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class User {
    @Autowired
    private Book book;

    public Book getBook() {
        return book;
    }

    public void setBook(Book book) {
        this.book = book;
    }

    public void test(){
        book.display();
        System.out.println("add....");
    }
}

AutoConfig类

package autoconfig;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@ComponentScan
public class AutoConfig {
}

Test类

import autoconfig.AutoConfig;
import autoconfig.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = AutoConfig.class)
public class AutoTest {
    @Autowired
    private User user;
    @Test
    public void testAutoconfig(){
        user.test();
    }
}